16. Discuss how comuption can have an impact on communitios. (2×2)(4) 16. Analyse TWO possible consequences that corruption may have on a person's career, 17. Recommend how a business can avoid fraud and corruption in the workplace.

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16. Impact of Corruption on Communities

(a) Erosion of Trust and Social Cohesion  
 • When corruption becomes prevalent, community members begin to lose trust in public institutions and elected officials.  
 • This mistrust can reduce civic engagement and weaken the social fabric, as people question the fairness and reliability of community systems.

(b) Diversion of Resources and Inequality  
 • Corrupt practices often result in the misallocation of public funds that were meant for essential services like education, healthcare, and infrastructure.  
 • As these resources are diverted to benefit a few, community development suffers, worsening socioeconomic inequality.

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16. Consequences of Corruption on a Person’s Career

(a) Damage to Professional Reputation  
 • Involvement in corruption, even indirectly, can lead to lasting stigma among peers, employers, and the broader industry.  
 • This damage often makes it harder for the individual to secure future positions, promotions, or professional collaborations, limiting career growth.

(b) Legal and Career Setbacks  
 • Being associated with corrupt activities can lead to legal investigations, convictions, or disciplinary actions, including termination.  
 • Such legal issues not only halt career progression but may also permanently bar an individual from roles in certain sectors or organizations.

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17. Recommendations for Businesses to Avoid Fraud and Corruption

(a) Establish and Enforce Robust Internal Controls  
 • Implement comprehensive internal audit systems and regular risk assessments to identify and address vulnerabilities.  
 • Use clear policies and procedures that define acceptable behaviors, accompanied by strict penalties for breaches.

(b) Foster an Ethical Work Culture  
 • Conduct regular training sessions on ethics, compliance, and the consequences of fraud and corruption to ensure all employees understand their responsibilities.  
 • Create confidential whistleblowing channels that encourage employees to report suspicious activities without fear of retaliation.

(c) Transparent Decision-Making and Accountability  
 • Promote a culture of transparency by regularly communicating decisions and involving multiple layers of oversight in high-risk areas.  
 • Ensure that senior leadership leads by example, demonstrating integrity in all business practices.

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Each response addresses the core components of the questions while outlining concrete examples and recommendations.
16. **Impact of Corruption on Communities** - **Erosion of Trust and Social Cohesion**: Corruption leads to a loss of trust in public institutions and officials, weakening community bonds. - **Diversion of Resources and Inequality**: Public funds meant for essential services like education and healthcare are misused, increasing inequality. 16. **Consequences of Corruption on a Person’s Career** - **Damage to Professional Reputation**: Involvement in corruption can harm an individual's standing, making it difficult to advance or find new roles. - **Legal and Career Setbacks**: Legal issues from corruption can result in termination, disciplinary actions, and permanent career restrictions. 17. **Recommendations for Businesses to Avoid Fraud and Corruption** - **Robust Internal Controls**: Implement comprehensive audit systems and clear policies with strict penalties. - **Ethical Culture**: Provide regular ethics training and establish safe whistleblowing channels. - **Transparent Decision-Making**: Promote transparency and oversight in high-risk areas, with leadership leading by example.

16. Discuss how comuption can have an impact on communitios. (2×2)(4) 16. Analyse TWO possible consequences that corruption may have on a person's career, 17. Recommend how a business can avoid fraud and corruption in the workplace.

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