UNIT 5.1: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION \& BASIC GENETICS HERL \( \qquad \) used for growth, development, and replacing damaged cells - Duplicate chromosomes line up individually in the middle of the cell and sister chromatids are separated into two daughter cells. - Homologous chromosomes DO NOT pair up in mitrosis! \( \qquad \) produces genetically identical daughter cells \( \qquad \) produces genetically distinct daughter cells \( \qquad \) starts with a diploid cell \( \qquad \) produces diploid cells \( \qquad \) produces haploid cells (diploid) to one set (haploid). - Starts with a diploid cell and ends with four new haploid cells after two rounds of cell division. - The resulting cells from meiosis differ genetically from each other and from the parent cell. - Three events unique to meiosis: - In prophase I, homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information through crossing overa - At the metaphase plate in metaphase 1 , there are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes - At anaphase I, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate and are carried to opposite poles of the cell Cell Starting Meiosis:

It seems like you're studying the differences between mitosis and meiosis, particularly in the context of sexual reproduction and basic genetics. Let's summarize the key points you've provided and clarify the processes involved in both mitosis and meiosis. ### Mitosis - **Purpose**: Used for growth, development, and replacing damaged cells. - **Process**: - Duplicate chromosomes line up individually in the middle of the cell. - Sister chromatids are separated into two daughter cells. - **Key Characteristics**: - Produces genetically identical daughter cells. - Starts with a diploid cell (2n). - Produces diploid cells (2n). ### Meiosis - **Purpose**: Produces gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction. - **Process**: - Starts with a diploid cell (2n) and undergoes two rounds of cell division. - Ends with four new haploid cells (n). - **Key Characteristics**: - Produces genetically distinct daughter cells. - Involves two rounds of division: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. - **Unique Events in Meiosis**: 1. **Prophase I**: Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information through crossing over. 2. **Metaphase I**: Paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads) line up at the metaphase plate. 3. **Anaphase I**: Homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, separate and are carried to opposite poles of the cell. ### Summary of Key Differences - **Mitosis**: One division, produces 2 identical diploid cells. - **Meiosis**: Two divisions, produces 4 genetically distinct haploid cells. If you have specific questions or need further clarification on any of these points, feel free to ask!