Migration outflows driven by conflict and insecurity are most likely to occur in: a. Western Europe b. Southeast Asia c. South America d. Sub-Saharan Africa

The Mano River Union (MRU) was established to promote economic cooperation in West Africa. What is one significant challenge faced by the MRU in achieving its objectives? a. Lack of access to international financial institutions for funding b. Overdependence on agricultural exports for trade revenue c. \( \begin{array}{l}\text { Competition with ECOWAS for } \\ \text { regional trade dominance }\end{array} \) d. Political instability and civil wars in member states like Liberia and Sierra Leone

The West African gas pipeline is a critical energy project. Which country is the prima supplier of gas for the pipeline? a. Ghana b. Benin c. Nigeria d. Togo

The Volta Lake in Ghana is the world's largest artificial reservoir. What is its primary purpose? a. Creating a protected wildlife sanctuary for aquatic species b. Facilitating cross-border water trade with Togo and Benin c. \( \begin{array}{l}\text { Providing water for industrial use in } \\ \text { Accra }\end{array} \) d. \( \begin{array}{l}\text { Generating electricity and supporting } \\ \text { inland transportation }\end{array} \)

Mauritania is a significant producer of iron ore in West Africa. What economic impact has this resource had on the country? a. It is primarily used for domestic construction projects b. It has limited potential due to declining global demand c. It has become the backbone of Mauritania's export economy d. It competes with Nigeria's mining sector for market dominance

West Africa's colonial history has influenced its political systems. What was one major effect of colonial rule on national unity? a. The equal distribution of resources among different ethnic groups b. The development of democratic governance across all colonies c. The artificial creation of multi-ethnic states with conflicting interests d. The widespread adoption of indigenous legal systems