A certain species of fish is to be introduced into a lake, and wildlife experts estimate the population will grow to \( P(t)=(731) 4^{\frac{1}{4}} \), where \( / \) represents the number of years from the time of introduction. Step 1 of 2 : What is the quadrupling-time for this population of fish?

(B) (i) Explain THREE precaution steps during decontamination of biohazard wastes in bag using an autoclave. (ii) Describe TWO materials that will remain undamaged after autoclaving.

(A) State ONE example of selective media that can be used to isolate [3 marks] EACH of the following microorganisms. (i) Gram positive bacteria. (ii) Staphylococci spp. (iii) Gram negative bacteria.

(C) State TWO ways in which fermentation process helps to improve [2 marks] quality of food products.

(A) (i) Describe TWO disadvantages of using Replicate Organism Detection And Counting (RODAC) plate during a surface swab. (ii) Explain TWO purposes of conducting a hand swab test. 12 m

34 (A) (i) Explain ONE purpose of air monitoring. (ii) Describe TWO factors that will affect air quality.