The null and alternative hypotheses are given. Determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed. What parameter is being tested? \( H_{0}-\mu=9 \) \( H_{1} \div \mu<9 \)

Die Erdbevölkerung betrug 1960 3.0 Milliarden, 20046.4 Milliarden. a) Wie viel betrug die mittlere jährliche Zunahme (in Prozent)? b) Gleiche Zunahme vorausgesetzt: Wie viele Menschen würden im Jahre 2050 die Erde bevölkern? c) Ein UNO-Bericht rechnet für 2050 mit einer Bevölkerungszahl von 8.9 Milliarden. Berechnen Sie die mittlere jährliche Zunahme ab 2004. d) Die 50 ärmsten Länder werden, gemäss Prognose, von 600 Millionen 2004 auf 1.7 Milliarden 2050 wachsen. Welche mittlere jährliche Zunahme ab 2004 wird hier erwartet?

The null hypothesis: predicts that the treatment will have no effect. predicts that the treatment will have an effect. is denoted by the symbol H1. is always stated in terms of sample statistics.

The probability of committing a Type I error: is solely determined by the size of the treatment effect. cannot be controlled by the experimenter. is determined by the alpha (a) level that one chooses. is determined by the beta ( \( \beta \) ) level one chooses. is determined by the sample size that one chooses.

By selecting a smaller alpha level, a researcher is: attempting to make it easier to reject the null (HO). attempting to make it easier to reject the alternative (H1). reducing the risk of a Type I error. attempting to decrease the standard error.

Statistical analysis of the data is: required by professional associations. used to in order to interpret the data. required to torture research methods students. a waste of time when we already know the truth. used make a study more credible.