Білу және түсіну: 1. Жасушалық және гуморальдық иммунитет дегеніміз не? 2. Лимфоциттер болмаса, иммунитет жүзеге асады ма? 3. Нейтрофилдер мен моноциттер не үшін керек екенін түсіндіріндер.

(A) State ONE example of selective media that can be used to isolate [3 marks] EACH of the following microorganisms. (i) Gram positive bacteria. (ii) Staphylococci spp. (iii) Gram negative bacteria.

(B) State TWO ways in which flagellum helps a microorganism survive in an open environment. (2 ma All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reco otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Institute of Technical Education, Singapo Institute of Technical Education has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements a

8 Which of the following is a type of universal media? (A) MacConkey Agar. (B) Baird-Parker Agar. (C) \( \quad \) Mannitol Salt Agar. (D) Trypticase Soy Agar. 9

(B) (i) Explain THREE precaution steps during decontamination of biohazard wastes in bag using an autoclave. (ii) Describe TWO materials that will remain undamaged after autoclaving.

Em 1950, a população de girafas numa região do Quénia era de 4600 indivíduos. Sabe-se que a taxa de decrescimento da população é \( 3,5 \% \) por década. Admitindo que a taxa de decrescimento se mantém constante a longo prazo, responda às questões que se seguem.