C. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SIGNAFICANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. Discuss the FOUR economic significance of the Industrial revolution. $$ (4 imes 2=8) $$ 2. Discuss the TWO social significance of the Industrial Revolution. $$ (2 imes 2=4) $$ 3. Name and discuss their contributions this two men did to improve the plight of the workers. $$ (2+2=4) $$ 4. Discuss TWO political significances of the Industrial revolution. $$ (2 imes 2=4) $$

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C. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SIGNAFICANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. Discuss the FOUR economic significance of the Industrial revolution. $$ (4 	imes 2=8) $$ 2. Discuss the TWO social significance of the Industrial Revolution. $$ (2 	imes 2=4) $$ 3. Name and discuss their contributions this two men did to improve the plight of the workers. $$ (2+2=4) $$ 4. Discuss TWO political significances of the Industrial revolution. $$ (2 	imes 2=4) $$

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1. **Economic Significance of the Industrial Revolution (4 points)**  
   - **Increased Production and Productivity:**  
     The mechanization of production using machines led to an enormous increase in output. This revolutionized manufacturing by shifting from manual labor to machine-driven processes, thereby significantly reducing production time and cost.  
     
   - **Expansion of Markets and Trade:**  
     With mass production came a greater need for raw materials and a larger audience for manufactured goods. Improved transport systems (like railways and steamships) opened up domestic and international markets, facilitating global trade.  
     
   - **Rise of Capitalism and Industrial Capitalists:**  
     The revolution gave birth to a new class of industrial capitalists who invested in factories and technological innovations. Their accumulation of capital and reinvestment into further industrial development helped spur economic growth.  
     
   - **Technological Innovation and Infrastructure Development:**  
     Continuous technological advancements spurred by industrial competition led to improved machinery and production processes. This also promoted the growth of infrastructure such as rail lines, roads, and banking systems that supported economic expansion.

2. **Social Significance of the Industrial Revolution (2 points)**  
   - **Urbanization and Demographic Shifts:**  
     The demand for industrial labor led to mass migration from rural areas to cities. This urbanization changed family structures, social interactions, and even the distribution of resources, often resulting in overcrowded living conditions that later spurred public health reforms.  
     
   - **Transformation of Working Conditions and Class Structure:**  
     The factory system consolidated workers into large-scale operations, leading to the emergence of a distinct working class. Although initially associated with harsh working conditions, the concentration of labor eventually paved the way for collective action and movements demanding improved rights and better safety conditions.

3. **Contributions of Two Men Who Improved the Plight of Workers (2 points)**  
   - **Robert Owen:**  
     An industrialist and social reformer, $$ 	ext{Owen} $$ implemented reforms in his own factories by reducing working hours, establishing fairer wages, and improving living conditions. He also developed model communities (such as New Lanark) that provided quality education and sanitation, thereby directly improving the quality of life for workers and demonstrating that profit and social responsibility could coexist.  
     
   - **Karl Marx:**  
     $$ 	ext{Marx} $$ analyzed the social and economic consequences of industrial capitalism. His works, notably "The Communist Manifesto," highlighted the exploitation of workers and the inherent conflicts between labor and capital. Marx’s theories laid the intellectual foundation for the labor movement and inspired reforms that eventually improved working conditions, labor rights, and promoted the rise of trade unions.

4. **Political Significance of the Industrial Revolution (2 points)**  
   - **Rise of the Working-Class Political Movements:**  
     The economic and social changes produced by industrialization led to the formation of new political groups. The emerging working class organized into labor unions and political parties to demand better working conditions, fair wages, and the right to vote, thereby redefining the political landscape.  
     
   - **Government Intervention and Policy Reforms:**  
     The rapid industrial growth and its accompanying social challenges forced governments to take an active role in regulating labor. Legislation addressing child labor, working hours, health and safety standards, and welfare reforms was enacted. This period marked the beginning of modern state intervention in economic affairs to protect the rights and welfare of workers.
1. **Economic Significance of the Industrial Revolution** - Increased production and productivity through machine-driven manufacturing. - Expansion of markets and global trade with improved transport systems. - Rise of capitalism and industrial capitalists who invested in factories. - Technological advancements and infrastructure development to support growth. 2. **Social Significance of the Industrial Revolution** - Mass migration to cities leading to urbanization and demographic changes. - Transformation of working conditions and the emergence of a distinct working class. 3. **Contributions to Improve Workers' Plight** - **Robert Owen:** Implemented fair wages, reduced working hours, and improved living conditions in his factories, establishing model communities that prioritized worker welfare. - **Karl Marx:** Analyzed the exploitation of workers and advocated for labor rights, inspiring the labor movement and the rise of trade unions. 4. **Political Significance of the Industrial Revolution** - Formation of working-class political movements demanding better conditions and rights. - Government intervention through legislation on labor laws, health and safety standards, and welfare reforms.

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