3. Who was one of the men who did not receive his judicial appointment when Jefferson took the presidency?

One man who did not receive his judicial appointment when Jefferson took the presidency was William Marbury. He was famously involved in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which established the principle of judicial review. This case arose when Jefferson's Secretary of State, James Madison, refused to deliver Marbury's commission, leading to a significant decision about the limits of government power and the role of the judiciary. While Marbury's situation initially seemed like a political snafu, it ultimately reshaped American law and government. The case underscored the importance of the judicial branch as a co-equal part of the government, ensuring that laws align with the Constitution. This precedent set the stage for future court rulings and reinforced the power of the judiciary in U.S. democracy.