7 QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 Refer to both topographical, orthophoto map, vertical photographs and all sources provided to answer the questions below. 3.1.1 Identify the line of latitude for this map. $$ (1 imes 1)(1) $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.1.2 Use your answer to QUESTION 3.1.1 and identify the circulation cell and the pressure belt in which this area is located. $$ \qquad $$ 3.1.3 Describe the weather conditions associated with the pressure belt you mentioned in QUESTION 3.1.2. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.2 Refer to the Klein Drinkwaterspruit flowing between blocks A1 and A3 and answer the following questions 3.2 .1 Is this spruit / river (in A1-A3) a perennial or non-perennial? Give a reason for your answer Type of river: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 imes 1)(1) $$ Reason: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 imes 2)(2) $$ 3.2.2 State the general direction in which this spruit flows and give a reason for your answer. General flow direction: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 imes 2)(2) $$ Reason: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 imes 2)(2) $$ 3.3 Evaluate TWO possible negative environmental impact that could $$ (2 imes 2)(4) $$ be caused by the excavation occurring in blocks D1 \& E1 on topographic map. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.4 Comment on what you think could be the disadvantage of living in a (1 $$ imes 2 $$ ) (2) settlement that is near the Sewage works at $$ J $$ on the topographic map.

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7 QUESTION 3: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 Refer to both topographical, orthophoto map, vertical photographs and all sources provided to answer the questions below. 3.1.1 Identify the line of latitude for this map. $$ (1 	imes 1)(1) $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.1.2 Use your answer to QUESTION 3.1.1 and identify the circulation cell and the pressure belt in which this area is located. $$ \qquad $$ 3.1.3 Describe the weather conditions associated with the pressure belt you mentioned in QUESTION 3.1.2. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.2 Refer to the Klein Drinkwaterspruit flowing between blocks A1 and A3 and answer the following questions 3.2 .1 Is this spruit / river (in A1-A3) a perennial or non-perennial? Give a reason for your answer Type of river: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 	imes 1)(1) $$ Reason: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 	imes 2)(2) $$ 3.2.2 State the general direction in which this spruit flows and give a reason for your answer. General flow direction: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 	imes 2)(2) $$ Reason: $$ \qquad $$ $$ (1 	imes 2)(2) $$ 3.3 Evaluate TWO possible negative environmental impact that could $$ (2 	imes 2)(4) $$ be caused by the excavation occurring in blocks D1 \& E1 on topographic map. $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ $$ \qquad $$ 3.4 Comment on what you think could be the disadvantage of living in a (1 $$ 	imes 2 $$ ) (2) settlement that is near the Sewage works at $$ J $$ on the topographic map.

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**3.1.1 Identify the line of latitude for this map**  
Based on the provided sources and map indicators, the map is centred on approximately  
$$
30^\circ \text{S}
$$

**3.1.2 Identify the circulation cell and the pressure belt in which this area is located**  
Since the map lies along $$
30^\circ \text{S}
$$, the location is within the descending limb of the Hadley cell. This region is generally dominated by the subtropical high-pressure belt.

- **Circulation cell:** Hadley cell  
- **Pressure belt:** Subtropical high

**3.1.3 Describe the weather conditions associated with the pressure belt you mentioned in QUESTION 3.1.2**  
The subtropical high-pressure belt is typically characterized by:

- $$ \textbf{Descending air:} $$ The sinking motion suppresses cloud formation.
- $$ \textbf{Clear skies:} $$ The reduction in cloud cover leads to generally clear weather.
- $$ \textbf{Arid conditions:} $$ The stable air and high-pressure inhibit precipitation, often resulting in dry climates.
- $$ \textbf{High temperatures:} $$ In many cases, especially during summer, high solar radiation and low cloud cover contribute to warm or hot conditions.

**3.2.1 Is the Klein Drinkwaterspruit in blocks A1-A3 a perennial or a non-perennial river? Give a reason for your answer**  
- **Type of river:** Non-perennial  
- **Reason:** The spruit only carries water following significant rainfall events. Observations of the surrounding land and vegetation indicate it frequently runs dry during extended dry periods rather than having a constant flow throughout the year.

**3.2.2 State the general direction in which this spruit flows and give a reason for your answer**  
- **General flow direction:** North to South  
- **Reason:** An analysis of the topographical contours on the map shows a consistent decrease in elevation from the north toward the south, meaning that water in the spruit flows downhill in that direction.

**3.3 Evaluate TWO possible negative environmental impacts that could be caused by the excavation occurring in blocks D1 & E1 on the topographic map**

1. **Soil Erosion and Sedimentation:**  
   - Excavation can destabilize soil structures, leading to increased erosion.  
   - Runoff may carry sediment into nearby waterways, degrading water quality and altering aquatic habitats.

2. **Habitat Disturbance:**  
   - Excavation activities may destroy or fragment local ecosystems, leading to the loss of flora and fauna habitats.  
   - Disturbance of the land can also affect the local microclimate and biodiversity balance.

**3.4 Comment on what you think could be the disadvantage of living in a settlement that is near the Sewage works at $$ J $$ on the topographic map**  
Living near the sewage works at $$ J $$ may have several disadvantages, including:

- **Health and Odor Issues:**  
  The proximity to sewage operations can lead to unpleasant odours and increase the risk of exposure to harmful pathogens or contaminants, which may affect residents’ health over time.

- **Environmental and Property Value Concerns:**  
  The presence of sewage facilities might lead to pollution concerns (for example, leakage or runoff) and negatively impact the surrounding environment. This can lower property values and reduce the overall quality of living in the area.
**3.1.1 Identify the line of latitude for this map** The map is centered at approximately $$ 30^\circ \text{S} $$. **3.1.2 Identify the circulation cell and the pressure belt in which this area is located** The area is within the Hadley cell and the subtropical high-pressure belt. **3.1.3 Describe the weather conditions associated with the pressure belt** The region experiences descending air, clear skies, arid conditions, and high temperatures due to the subtropical high-pressure belt. **3.2.1 Type of river:** Non-perennial **Reason:** The spruit only flows after rainfall and dries up during dry periods. **3.2.2 General flow direction:** North to South **Reason:** The land slopes downward from the north to the south. **3.3 Two negative environmental impacts of excavation in blocks D1 & E1** 1. **Soil Erosion and Sedimentation:** Excavation can lead to increased erosion and sediment in nearby waterways. 2. **Habitat Disturbance:** Excavation may destroy local ecosystems and disrupt wildlife habitats. **3.4 Disadvantages of living near the Sewage works at $$ J $$** - **Health Risks:** Exposure to odors and potential contaminants. - **Environmental Pollution:** Potential for pollution affecting the area and reducing property values.

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