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The angle of elevation \( \theta \) of the sun in the sky at any latitude \( L \) is calculated with the formula below. In the formula, \( \theta=0 \) corresponds to sunrise and \( \theta=\frac{\pi}{2} \) occurs if the sun is directly overhead. The greek letter omega, \( \omega \), is the number of radians that Earth has rotated through since noon, when \( \omega=0 \). \( D \) is the declination of the sun, which varies because Earth is on a tilted axis. Town A has a latitude \( L=81.50^{\circ} \), or 1.4224 radian. Find the angle of elevation \( \theta \) of the sun at 10 P.M. on July 4,2012 , where at that time \( D \approx 0.2402 \) and \( \omega \approx 2.6180 \). \( \sin \theta=\cos D \cos L \cos \omega+\sin D \sin L \) \( \theta \approx \square \) (Type your answer in radians. Round to four decimal places as needed.)

Ask by Chadwick Ortega. in the United States
Mar 01,2025

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Answer

The angle of elevation \( \theta \) of the sun is approximately **0.1093 radians**.

Solution

We are given:   sin θ = cos D · cos L · cos ω + sin D · sin L with the following values:  • L = 81.50° = 1.4224 radians  • D ≈ 0.2402 radians  • ω ≈ 2.6180 radians Step 1. Compute the relevant trigonometric functions. For D = 0.2402 radians:  cos D ≈ cos(0.2402) ≈ 0.9711  sin D ≈ sin(0.2402) ≈ 0.2384 For L = 1.4224 radians:  cos L ≈ cos(1.4224) ≈ 0.1510  sin L ≈ sin(1.4224) ≈ 0.9885 For ω = 2.6180 radians (which is approximately 150°):  cos ω ≈ cos(2.6180) ≈ –0.8660 Step 2. Substitute the values into the formula:  sin θ = (0.9711)(0.1510)(–0.8660) + (0.2384)(0.9885) First term:  0.9711 × 0.1510 ≈ 0.1466  0.1466 × (–0.8660) ≈ –0.1268 Second term:  0.2384 × 0.9885 ≈ 0.2357 Thus,  sin θ ≈ –0.1268 + 0.2357 = 0.1089 Step 3. Solve for θ:  θ = arcsin(0.1089) Using a calculator, we find:  θ ≈ 0.1093 radians So, to four decimal places, the angle of elevation of the sun is approximately 0.1093 radians.

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To find the angle of elevation \( \theta \) of the sun, we can plug the given values into the formula: \[ \sin \theta = \cos D \cos L \cos \omega + \sin D \sin L \] Given: - \( D \approx 0.2402 \) - \( L \approx 1.4224 \) - \( \omega \approx 2.6180 \) First, we need to calculate each component: 1. \( \cos D \approx \cos(0.2402) \approx 0.9703 \) 2. \( \cos L \approx \cos(1.4224) \approx 0.1564 \) 3. \( \cos \omega \approx \cos(2.6180) \approx -0.8670 \) 4. \( \sin D \approx \sin(0.2402) \approx 0.2397 \) 5. \( \sin L \approx \sin(1.4224) \approx 0.9877 \) Now, substituting into the equation: \[ \sin \theta \approx (0.9703)(0.1564)(-0.8670) + (0.2397)(0.9877) \] Calculating the terms: 1. \( (0.9703)(0.1564)(-0.8670) \approx -0.1281 \) 2. \( (0.2397)(0.9877) \approx 0.2360 \) Combine these: \[ \sin \theta \approx -0.1281 + 0.2360 \approx 0.1079 \] To find \( \theta \), take the inverse sine: \[ \theta \approx \arcsin(0.1079) \approx 0.1080 \text{ radians} \] Thus, the angle of elevation \( \theta \) of the sun at 10 P.M. on July 4, 2012 is approximately: \[ \theta \approx 0.1080 \text{ radians} \]

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