Question

\( (2xy-4x^{3})dx=(2y-x^{2})dy \)

Ask by Gray Goodwin. in Colombia
Mar 13,2025

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Answer

La solución general de la ecuación diferencial es \( x^2y - x^4 - y^2 = C \).

Solution

Sea la ecuación diferencial \[ (2xy - 4x^3)\,dx = (2y - x^2)\,dy. \] Primero la reescribimos en la forma \[ (2xy - 4x^3)\,dx - (2y - x^2)\,dy = 0. \] Definimos las funciones \[ M(x,y) = 2xy - 4x^3 \quad \text{y} \quad N(x,y) = -\left(2y - x^2\right) = x^2 - 2y. \] Para verificar si la ecuación es exacta, calculamos las derivadas parciales: \[ M_y = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(2xy - 4x^3) = 2x, \] \[ N_x = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^2 - 2y) = 2x. \] Como \( M_y = N_x \), la ecuación es exacta. Dado que la ecuación es exacta, existe una función potencial \( \psi(x,y) \) tal que \[ \psi_x(x,y) = 2xy - 4x^3 \quad \text{y} \quad \psi_y(x,y) = x^2 - 2y. \] Procedemos a determinar \( \psi(x,y) \). 1. **Integrar \( \psi_x(x,y) \) respecto a \( x \):** \[ \psi(x,y) = \int \psi_x(x,y)\,dx = \int (2xy - 4x^3)\,dx. \] Realizando la integración: \[ \psi(x,y) = x^2y - x^4 + h(y), \] donde \( h(y) \) es una función arbitraria de \( y \). 2. **Determinar \( h(y) \) utilizando \( \psi_y(x,y) \):** Derivamos \( \psi(x,y) \) respecto a \( y \): \[ \psi_y(x,y) = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x^2y - x^4 + h(y)) = x^2 + h'(y). \] Pero se tiene que \[ \psi_y(x,y) = x^2 - 2y. \] Igualamos las dos expresiones: \[ x^2 + h'(y) = x^2 - 2y. \] Por lo tanto, \[ h'(y) = -2y. \] Integrando respecto a \( y \): \[ h(y) = -y^2 + C, \] donde \( C \) es una constante de integración. 3. **Escribir la función potencial completa:** Sustituyendo \( h(y) \) en la expresión de \( \psi(x,y) \): \[ \psi(x,y) = x^2y - x^4 - y^2. \] La solución general de la ecuación exacta es: \[ \psi(x,y) = C, \] es decir, \[ x^2y - x^4 - y^2 = C. \]

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To solve the differential equation \( (2xy-4x^{3})dx=(2y-x^{2})dy \), we can rearrange it into a more manageable form. Dividing both sides by \( dx \) gives us: \[ \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2xy - 4x^3}{2y - x^2} \] This equation can be tricky, but it can be approached using techniques like finding an integrating factor or checking if it can be separated. Remember, the first step is often to see if the equation is exact. After finding that it isn't exact, we could also consider transforming variables or using a clever substitution, like \( v = \frac{y}{x} \), which can simplify the expressions and help you move forward with the solution. Don't forget to check for potential mistakes! Ensuring proper algebraic manipulations are crucial, as simple mistakes can lead you astray in solving these derivatives. Keep things organized, and you'll navigate through smoothly!

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