3. What is the difference between a obligate anaerobe and an aerotolerant anaerobe? 4. What type of an environment does a halophile prefer? 5. What are the microbe temperature group names and their ranges? What are 3 common physical methods of control of microbial growth?

Question

UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

**3. Difference Between an Obligate Anaerobe and an Aerotolerant Anaerobe**

- An **obligate anaerobe** cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is toxic to these organisms because they lack the necessary enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) to neutralize reactive oxygen species.
  
- An **aerotolerant anaerobe** does not use oxygen for growth; it relies solely on anaerobic metabolism. However, unlike obligate anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes possess enzymes that detoxify oxygen, allowing them to survive (though not to benefit from) the presence of oxygen.

---

**4. Environment Preferred by a Halophile**

A **halophile** is an organism that thrives in environments with high concentrations of salt ($$ 	ext{NaCl} $$). These environments include salt lakes, salt pans, and saline soils, where the salt concentration is significantly higher than in typical environments.

---

**5. Microbe Temperature Group Names and Their Ranges**

- **Psychrophiles:** These microorganisms grow best at low temperatures, typically with an optimum growth temperature below $$ 15^\circ	ext{C} $$ and can sometimes grow near $$ 0^\circ	ext{C} $$.
  
- **Mesophiles:** They prefer moderate temperatures, with an optimum growth range between approximately $$ 20^\circ	ext{C} $$ and $$ 45^\circ	ext{C} $$. Most human pathogens belong to this group.
  
- **Thermophiles:** These organisms grow optimally at higher temperatures, generally between about $$ 45^\circ	ext{C} $$ and $$ 80^\circ	ext{C} $$.
  
- **Hyperthermophiles:** They thrive at extremely high temperatures, typically with optimum ranges above $$ 80^\circ	ext{C} $$, and are often found in environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents.

---

**6. Three Common Physical Methods of Control of Microbial Growth**

1. **Heat:**  
   - Methods include boiling, pasteurization, autoclaving (using moist heat under pressure), and dry heat sterilization.  
   - For example, autoclaving typically uses temperatures around $$ 121^\circ	ext{C} $$ for a specified period to ensure sterilization.

2. **Radiation:**  
   - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays) are used to damage microbial DNA and inhibit reproduction.

3. **Filtration:**  
   - Physical removal of microorganisms from liquids or gases using filters with pore sizes small enough (typically around $$ 0.2 $$ micrometers) to retain bacteria and other microbes.
**3. Difference Between an Obligate Anaerobe and an Aerotolerant Anaerobe** - **Obligate Anaerobe:** Cannot survive in oxygen; lacks enzymes to handle reactive oxygen. - **Aerotolerant Anaerobe:** Does not use oxygen for growth but can survive in its presence; has enzymes to detoxify oxygen. --- **4. Environment Preferred by a Halophile** High-salt environments like salt lakes, salt pans, and saline soils. --- **5. Microbe Temperature Group Names and Their Ranges** - **Psychrophiles:** Below $$ 15^\circ	ext{C} $$ - **Mesophiles:** $$ 20^\circ	ext{C} $$ to $$ 45^\circ	ext{C} $$ - **Thermophiles:** $$ 45^\circ	ext{C} $$ to $$ 80^\circ	ext{C} $$ - **Hyperthermophiles:** Above $$ 80^\circ	ext{C} $$ --- **6. Three Common Physical Methods of Control of Microbial Growth** 1. **Heat:** Uses high temperatures (e.g., autoclaving) to kill microorganisms. 2. **Radiation:** Applies UV or ionizing radiation to damage microbial DNA. 3. **Filtration:** Removes microorganisms using filters with small pore sizes.

What is the difference between a obligate anaerobe and an aerotolerant anaerobe?

What type of an environment does a halophile prefer?

What are the microbe temperature group names and their ranges?
What are 3 common physical methods of control of microbial growth?

Upstudy AI Solution

Answer

Solution

Bonus Knowledge

Related Questions

Latest Biology Questions

What is the difference between a obligate anaerobe and an aerotolerant anaerobe? What type of an environment does a halophile prefer? What are the microbe temperature group names and their ranges? What are 3 common physical methods of control of microbial growth?