What effect do asteroid impacts have on Earth's climate? A cooling effect, followed by a brief warming effect, and then a long-term warming effect A warming effect, followed by a brief cooling effect, and then a long-term cooling effect A brief warming effect, followed by a cooling effect, and then a long-term warming effect A brief cooling effect, followed by a warming effect, and then a long-term cooling effect

Asteroid impacts can have significant effects on Earth's climate, and the sequence of these effects typically follows a pattern. 1. **Immediate Cooling Effect**: When an asteroid impacts the Earth, it can eject a large amount of dust and debris into the atmosphere. This material can block sunlight, leading to a temporary cooling effect on the planet. This phenomenon is often referred to as "impact winter." 2. **Brief Warming Effect**: Following the initial cooling, the release of gases such as carbon dioxide from fires ignited by the impact can lead to a greenhouse effect, causing a brief warming period. 3. **Long-term Warming Effect**: Over a longer period, if the impact leads to significant volcanic activity or other geological changes, it can result in increased greenhouse gas concentrations, contributing to a long-term warming effect. Based on this understanding, the correct sequence of effects from asteroid impacts on Earth's climate is: **A cooling effect, followed by a brief warming effect, and then a long-term warming effect.**