Question
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A. \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from + to - B. \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from - to + C. \( f^{\prime \prime}(x)>0 \) for all \( x \) D. \( f^{\prime \prime}(x)<0 \) for all \( x \)

Ask by Mejia Beck. in the United States
Mar 04,2025

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Answer

Statements A and B show that the function changes concavity, while Statements C and D indicate that the function remains concave up or down throughout.

Solution

To analyze the statements regarding the second derivative \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \), we need to understand what each condition implies about the function \( f(x) \). 1. **Statement A: \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from + to -** - This indicates that the second derivative is positive for some interval and then becomes negative. This typically suggests that the function \( f(x) \) is concave up in the first interval and then becomes concave down. This point where the sign changes is a point of inflection. 2. **Statement B: \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from - to +** - This indicates that the second derivative is negative for some interval and then becomes positive. This suggests that the function \( f(x) \) is concave down in the first interval and then becomes concave up. This is also a point of inflection. 3. **Statement C: \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) > 0 \) for all \( x \)** - This means that the second derivative is always positive, indicating that the function \( f(x) \) is concave up for all \( x \). There are no points of inflection, and the function is always curving upwards. 4. **Statement D: \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) < 0 \) for all \( x \)** - This means that the second derivative is always negative, indicating that the function \( f(x) \) is concave down for all \( x \). Similar to statement C, there are no points of inflection, and the function is always curving downwards. In summary: - Statements A and B indicate points of inflection where the concavity of the function changes. - Statements C and D indicate consistent concavity throughout the domain of the function. If you have a specific question or need further analysis on these statements, please let me know!

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The Deep Dive

When the second derivative \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from + to -, as in option A, it indicates that the function \( f(x) \) has a local maximum at that point. This is because the concavity of the function is shifting from concave up to concave down, creating a peak. On the other hand, when \( f^{\prime \prime}(x) \) changes sign from - to +, as in option B, it indicates a local minimum since the function is bending from concave down to concave up, forming a trough. In practical applications, these second derivative tests help analyze and optimize functions in fields like economics and engineering. For instance, in maximizing profit or minimizing costs, understanding where a function reaches its peaks or troughs can significantly influence decision-making. Avoiding common mistakes like misinterpreting inflection points or overlooking the context of the problem ensures accurate modeling and results!

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