Which of the following statements about immigration policy during World War I is true? a) The state of California barred Asians from owning and leasing land. b) Congress required that all immigrants pass IQ tests (intelligence tests). d) Congress conferred citizenship upon Filipinos. e) The government temporarily exempted Europeans from the literacy test.

The correct statement is: a) The state of California barred Asians from owning and leasing land. During World War I, several state and federal policies were enacted that restricted the rights and opportunities of Asian immigrants. One example is the California Alien Land Law, which effectively barred “aliens ineligible for citizenship”—a category that included most Asians—from owning or leasing land. The other alternatives are inaccurate: • (b) There was no requirement from Congress for all immigrants to pass IQ (intelligence) tests. • (d) Congress did not confer citizenship upon Filipinos; although the Philippines was a U.S. territory after 1898, Filipinos were designated as U.S. nationals, not full citizens. • (e) The government did not temporarily exempt Europeans from the literacy test; the literacy test imposed by the Immigration Act of 1917 was applied regardless of European origin. Thus, option (a) is the true statement about immigration policy during World War I.