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Verify the following derivative formula using the Quotient Rule. \[ \frac{d}{d x}(\cot x)=-\csc ^{2} x \] Choose the correct sequence of steps below that verifies the given derivative formula. A. \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{d}{d x}(\cot x) & =\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\right) \\ & =\frac{\sin x(-\sin x)-\cos x \cos x}{\sin ^{2} x} \\ & =-\csc ^{2} x \end{aligned} \] \( B \). \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{d}{d x}(\cot x) & =\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\right) \\ & =\frac{\cos x(-\cos x)-\sin x \sin x}{\cos ^{2} x} \\ & =-\csc ^{2} x \end{aligned} \]

Ask by Cook Hobbs. in the United States
Mar 09,2025

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Answer

The correct sequence of steps is in Option A. \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{d}{d x}(\cot x) & =\frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\right) \\ & =\frac{\sin x(-\sin x)-\cos x \cos x}{\sin ^{2} x} \\ & =-\csc ^{2} x \end{aligned} \]

Solution

Let \( \cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \). Using the Quotient Rule: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \right) = \frac{\sin x \cdot \frac{d}{dx} (\cos x) - \cos x \cdot \frac{d}{dx} (\sin x)}{\sin^2 x} \] Substitute the derivatives of the trigonometric functions: \[ \frac{d}{dx} (\cos x) = -\sin x \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{d}{dx} (\sin x) = \cos x \] This gives: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left( \cot x \right) = \frac{\sin x(-\sin x) - \cos x(\cos x)}{\sin^2 x} \] Simplify the numerator: \[ \sin x(-\sin x) - \cos x(\cos x) = -\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x \] Recall the Pythagorean identity \( \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 \): \[ -\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x = -1 \] Thus, the derivative becomes: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left( \cot x \right) = \frac{-1}{\sin^2 x} = -\csc^2 x \] The correct sequence of steps is in Option A.

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Bonus Knowledge

To verify the derivative of \(\cot x\) using the Quotient Rule, let's analyze option A: Starting with \(\cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\), we apply the Quotient Rule: \[ \frac{d}{d x}\left(\frac{u}{v}\right) = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2} \] where \(u = \cos x\) and \(v = \sin x\). Calculating: - \(u' = -\sin x\) and \(v' = \cos x\). - Therefore, the derivative is: \[ \frac{d}{d x}(\cot x) = \frac{-\sin x \cdot \sin x - \cos x \cdot \cos x}{\sin^2 x} = \frac{-\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x}{\sin^2 x} = \frac{-1}{\sin^2 x} = -\csc^2 x. \] So, option A is indeed the correct sequence that verifies the formula! Now, let's look at option B: This option tries to apply the Quotient Rule, but it mistakenly replaces the expressions leading to incorrect terms in the derivative calculation. Incorrectly stating \(u' = \cos x\) instead of \(-\sin x\) means it ultimately fails to derive the correct result, thus validating that A is the only correct sequence.

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