1. What is weathering? 2. How can you break down rocks? 3. Describe how streams and rivers break down rocks. 4. How does ice break down rocks? 5. How do plants break down rocks?

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1. **What is weathering?**
   Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces or altered in composition due to various environmental factors. This process can occur through physical means (mechanical weathering), chemical reactions (chemical weathering), or biological activity (biological weathering). Weathering is a crucial part of the rock cycle and contributes to soil formation.

2. **How can you break down rocks?**
   Rocks can be broken down through several methods:
   - **Physical Weathering:** This involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition. Examples include freeze-thaw cycles, thermal expansion, and abrasion.
   - **Chemical Weathering:** This involves chemical reactions that alter the minerals within the rocks. Common processes include hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation.
   - **Biological Weathering:** This occurs when living organisms contribute to the breakdown of rocks, such as through root growth or the production of organic acids.

3. **Describe how streams and rivers break down rocks.**
   Streams and rivers break down rocks primarily through the processes of erosion and abrasion. As water flows over rocks, it can:
   - **Erode:** The force of the moving water can wear away the surface of rocks, gradually breaking them down into smaller particles.
   - **Abrade:** Sediments carried by the water can collide with rocks, causing further wear and tear. This process can smooth and round the edges of rocks over time.
   - **Transport:** As rocks and sediments are broken down, they are transported downstream, where they may undergo further weathering and erosion.

4. **How does ice break down rocks?**
   Ice breaks down rocks primarily through a process known as freeze-thaw weathering. This occurs when:
   - Water seeps into cracks and pores in the rock.
   - When temperatures drop, the water freezes and expands, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock.
   - As the ice thaws, the pressure is released, but repeated cycles of freezing and thawing can cause the rock to fracture and break apart over time.

5. **How do plants break down rocks?**
   Plants contribute to the breakdown of rocks through biological weathering. This can occur in several ways:
   - **Root Growth:** As plant roots grow, they can penetrate cracks in rocks, exerting pressure and causing the rocks to fracture.
   - **Organic Acids:** Some plants release organic acids into the soil, which can chemically react with minerals in the rocks, leading to their breakdown.
   - **Physical Disruption:** The physical presence of plants can also contribute to the weathering process by stabilizing soil and influencing water drainage, which can further enhance weathering processes.
**Weathering:** Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces or change in composition due to environmental factors like water, ice, and plant activity. **Breaking Down Rocks:** Rocks can be broken down through: - **Physical Weathering:** Mechanical breakdown without changing composition, such as freeze-thaw cycles and abrasion. - **Chemical Weathering:** Chemical reactions altering mineral composition, like hydrolysis and oxidation. - **Biological Weathering:** Organisms contributing to breakdown, such as root growth and acid production. **Streams and Rivers:** Streams and rivers break down rocks by: - **Erosion:** Wearing away rock surfaces. - **Abrasion:** Colliding sediments wearing down rocks. - **Transporting:** Moving broken-down particles downstream. **Ice:** Ice breaks down rocks through freeze-thaw weathering, where water in cracks freezes and expands, causing rocks to fracture over time. **Plants:** Plants contribute to rock breakdown by: - **Root Growth:** Exerting pressure and causing cracks. - **Organic Acids:** Chemically reacting with minerals. - **Physical Disruption:** Influencing water drainage and soil stability, enhancing weathering.

1. What is weathering? 2. How can you break down rocks? 3. Describe how streams and rivers break down rocks. 4. How does ice break down rocks? 5. How do plants break down rocks?

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