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Question 3 (10 points) Evaluate \( \int \sin x \cos ^{4} x d x \) Paragraph \( \vee \) B \( \underline{U} \cup A_{d} \equiv \)

Ask by Schmidt Schneider. in the United States
Mar 09,2025

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Answer

The integral evaluates to \( -\frac{\cos^5 x}{5} + C \).

Solution

We begin with the integral \[ \int \sin x \cos^4 x \, dx. \] **Step 1: Choose a substitution.** Let \[ u = \cos x. \] Then, differentiate with respect to \( x \): \[ \frac{du}{dx} = -\sin x \quad \Rightarrow \quad du = -\sin x \, dx. \] This implies \[ \sin x \, dx = -du. \] **Step 2: Substitute into the integral.** Replacing in the original integral, we have: \[ \int \sin x \cos^4 x \, dx = \int u^4 (-du) = -\int u^4 \, du. \] **Step 3: Integrate with respect to \( u \).** Integrate using the power rule: \[ -\int u^4 \, du = -\frac{u^5}{5} + C. \] **Step 4: Substitute back in for \( u \).** Replacing \( u \) with \( \cos x \), the final answer is: \[ -\frac{\cos^5 x}{5} + C. \] Thus, the evaluated integral is \[ -\frac{\cos^5 x}{5} + C. \]

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To evaluate the integral \( \int \sin x \cos ^{4} x \, dx \), we can use the substitution method. Let \( u = \cos x \), which implies \( du = -\sin x \, dx \) or \( -du = \sin x \, dx \). Rewriting the integral in terms of \( u \), we have: \[ \int \sin x \cos^4 x \, dx = -\int u^4 \, du = -\frac{u^5}{5} + C = -\frac{\cos^5 x}{5} + C \] This showcases the beauty of substitution, transforming a trigonometric integral into a polynomial one! To check your work, differentiate your result \( -\frac{\cos^5 x}{5} + C \) and see if you end up back with \( \sin x \cos^4 x \). This practice not only reinforces your understanding but also helps you catch any mistakes, ensuring you're navigating those tricky integral paths like a pro!

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