Given vectors \( \mathbf{u} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \) below, find \( c \) such that \( \mathbf{u} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \) are orthogonal. \( \begin{aligned} \mathbf{u} & =[-5,2, c] \\ \mathbf{v} & =[-3,3,-1] \\ c & =\text { Ex: } 5\end{aligned} \)
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To determine the value of \( c \) that makes vectors \( \mathbf{u} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \) orthogonal, we need to set their dot product equal to zero. The dot product of \( \mathbf{u} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \) is calculated as follows: \[ \mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v} = (-5)(-3) + (2)(3) + (c)(-1) \] Calculating this gives: \[ 15 + 6 - c = 21 - c \] Setting the dot product equal to zero for orthogonality: \[ 21 - c = 0 \] Solving for \( c \): \[ c = 21 \] Thus, the value of \( c \) that makes \( \mathbf{u} \) and \( \mathbf{v} \) orthogonal is \( 21 \).