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Evaluate the integral. \( \int_{3 \pi / 2}^{2 \pi} 45 \sin ^{2} x \cos ^{3} x d x \) \( 2 \pi / 2 \sin ^{2} x \cos ^{3} x d x=6 \) \( ( \) Simplify your answer, including any radicals. Use integers or fractions for any numbers in the expression.) \( 2 \pi \)

Ask by Kirk Henry. in the United States
Jan 30,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

The integral evaluates to 6.

Solution

To evaluate the integral: \[ \int_{\frac{3\pi}{2}}^{2\pi} 45 \sin^2 x \cos^3 x \, dx \] **Step 1: Simplify the Integrand** First, rewrite the integrand to make it easier to integrate: \[ 45 \sin^2 x \cos^3 x = 45 \sin^2 x \cos^2 x \cos x \] Notice that \(\cos^2 x = 1 - \sin^2 x\), so: \[ 45 \sin^2 x \cos^2 x \cos x = 45 \sin^2 x (1 - \sin^2 x) \cos x \] **Step 2: Use Substitution** Let \(u = \sin x\). Then, \(du = \cos x \, dx\). Substitute into the integral: \[ 45 \int \sin^2 x (1 - \sin^2 x) \cos x \, dx = 45 \int u^2 (1 - u^2) \, du \] **Step 3: Determine the New Limits** When \(x = \frac{3\pi}{2}\): \[ u = \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) = -1 \] When \(x = 2\pi\): \[ u = \sin(2\pi) = 0 \] **Step 4: Integrate with Respect to \(u\)** \[ 45 \int_{-1}^{0} (u^2 - u^4) \, du = 45 \left[ \frac{u^3}{3} - \frac{u^5}{5} \right]_{-1}^{0} \] Evaluate the antiderivative at the limits: \[ = 45 \left[ \left(0 - 0\right) - \left(\frac{(-1)^3}{3} - \frac{(-1)^5}{5}\right) \right] \] \[ = 45 \left[ 0 - \left(-\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5}\right) \right] \] \[ = 45 \left[ \frac{2}{15} \right] = 6 \] **Final Answer:** \[ 6 \]

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Beyond the Answer

To evaluate the integral \( \int_{3 \pi / 2}^{2 \pi} 45 \sin ^{2} x \cos ^{3} x \, dx \), we can use the substitution method. Notice that if we let \( u = \cos x \), then \( du = -\sin x \, dx \), which transforms the integral involving \( \sin^2 x \) and \( \cos^3 x \). First, determine the new limits of integration: when \( x = 3\pi/2 \), \( u = \cos(3\pi/2) = 0 \), and when \( x = 2\pi \), \( u = \cos(2\pi) = 1 \). The integral becomes: \[ \int_{0}^{1} 45 (1 - u^2)(u^3)(-du) = 45 \int_{0}^{1} (u^3 - u^5) \, du \] Now we can integrate: \[ 45 \left[ \frac{u^4}{4} - \frac{u^6}{6} \right]_{0}^{1} = 45 \left( \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{6} \right) = 45 \left( \frac{3}{12} - \frac{2}{12} \right) = 45 \cdot \frac{1}{12} = \frac{45}{12} = \frac{15}{4} \] Thus, the value of the integral is: \[ \frac{15\pi}{4} \] This means the correct answer, simplified (as integers or fractions), is \( \frac{45}{12} \) or \( 3.75 \) if that's what you prefer! Now go grab a slice of pie – it's not every day you get to play with pi in integrals! Wouldn't it be fun to apply this technique while calculating areas of wacky-shaped pies? It's integral to your pastry endeavors!

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