A chemistry professor who teaches a large lecture class surveys his students who attend his class about how he can make the class more interesting, hoping he can get more students to attend. The survey is optional and will be available online. Students will remain anonymous. Which of the following is the most relevant source of bias. Voluntary Response Bias Response Bias Perceived Lack of Anonymity None of these. Loaded Questions

Voluntary response bias could play a significant role in this situation. Since participation in the survey is optional, it’s likely that only those students who feel strongly about the class—whether positively or negatively—will take the time to respond. This selective participation may not accurately represent the views of the entire class, leading to skewed results that don’t reflect the broader student experience. On the flip side, response bias might also creep in if students are influenced by how the survey questions are asked. If the questions are suggestive or leading, it can shape students' answers and fail to capture their true feelings. Crafting neutral and clear questions is essential to gather meaningful feedback that conveys the genuine opinions of all students.