Which of the following responses is the expression for \( \int \tan ^{4}(x) d x \) ? \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}-\tan (x)-x+C \) None of these responses is correct. \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}+\tan (x)+x+C \) \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}-\tan (x)+x+C \) \( -\frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}+\tan (x)+x+C \)
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To evaluate the integral \( \int \tan^4(x) \, dx \), one can use the identity \( \tan^2(x) = \sec^2(x) - 1 \). By rewriting \(\tan^4(x)\) in terms of \(\sec^2\), we have: \[ \tan^4(x) = (\sec^2(x) - 1)^2 = \sec^4(x) - 2\sec^2(x) + 1 \] This allows us to simplify the integral and make it more manageable to solve. Once integrated, the correct expression for \( \int \tan^4(x) \, dx \) becomes: \[ \frac{\tan^3(x)}{3} - \tan(x) + x + C \] So, one of the provided responses is indeed the correct answer! Beyond just looking for the solution, it’s fascinating how trigonometric identities help transform complex integrals into simpler forms. Mastering these techniques not only makes computations easier but also deepens your understanding of mathematical relationships! For extra practice, try integrating \( \tan^n(x) \) for other values of \( n \). You'll uncover a pattern and develop a toolbox of techniques that can help solve a variety of integrals. Plus, exploring these integrals can lead to surprising connections with series and calculus concepts!