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Which of the following responses is the expression for \( \int \tan ^{4}(x) d x \) ? \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}-\tan (x)-x+C \) None of these responses is correct. \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}+\tan (x)+x+C \) \( \frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}-\tan (x)+x+C \) \( -\frac{\tan ^{3}(x)}{3}+\tan (x)+x+C \)

Ask by Horton Phillips. in the United States
Mar 11,2025

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Answer

The correct expression for \( \int \tan^{4}(x) dx \) is \( \frac{\tan^{3}(x)}{3} - \tan(x) + x + C \).

Solution

Calculate the integral \( \int \tan^{4}(x) dx \). Evaluate the integral by following steps: - step0: Evaluate using formulas and rules: \(\int \tan^{4}\left(x\right) dx\) - step1: Evaluate the integral: \(\frac{\tan^{4-1}\left(x\right)}{4-1}-\int \tan^{4-2}\left(x\right) dx\) - step2: Subtract the numbers: \(\frac{\tan^{3}\left(x\right)}{4-1}-\int \tan^{4-2}\left(x\right) dx\) - step3: Subtract the numbers: \(\frac{\tan^{3}\left(x\right)}{4-1}-\int \tan^{2}\left(x\right) dx\) - step4: Subtract the numbers: \(\frac{\tan^{3}\left(x\right)}{3}-\int \tan^{2}\left(x\right) dx\) - step5: Simplify the expression: \(\frac{1}{3}\tan^{3}\left(x\right)-\int \tan^{2}\left(x\right) dx\) - step6: Evaluate the integral: \(\frac{1}{3}\tan^{3}\left(x\right)-\left(\tan\left(x\right)-x\right)\) - step7: Remove the parentheses: \(\frac{1}{3}\tan^{3}\left(x\right)-\tan\left(x\right)+x\) - step8: Add the constant of integral C: \(\frac{1}{3}\tan^{3}\left(x\right)-\tan\left(x\right)+x + C, C \in \mathbb{R}\) The expression for \( \int \tan^{4}(x) dx \) is \( \frac{1}{3}\tan^{3}(x) - \tan(x) + x + C \), where \( C \) is a constant. Therefore, the correct response is \( \frac{\tan^{3}(x)}{3} - \tan(x) + x + C \).

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Extra Insights

To evaluate the integral \( \int \tan^4(x) \, dx \), one can use the identity \( \tan^2(x) = \sec^2(x) - 1 \). By rewriting \(\tan^4(x)\) in terms of \(\sec^2\), we have: \[ \tan^4(x) = (\sec^2(x) - 1)^2 = \sec^4(x) - 2\sec^2(x) + 1 \] This allows us to simplify the integral and make it more manageable to solve. Once integrated, the correct expression for \( \int \tan^4(x) \, dx \) becomes: \[ \frac{\tan^3(x)}{3} - \tan(x) + x + C \] So, one of the provided responses is indeed the correct answer! Beyond just looking for the solution, it’s fascinating how trigonometric identities help transform complex integrals into simpler forms. Mastering these techniques not only makes computations easier but also deepens your understanding of mathematical relationships! For extra practice, try integrating \( \tan^n(x) \) for other values of \( n \). You'll uncover a pattern and develop a toolbox of techniques that can help solve a variety of integrals. Plus, exploring these integrals can lead to surprising connections with series and calculus concepts!

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