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Find the value of the integral \( \int_{3}^{4} \frac{1}{x^{2} \sqrt{25-x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} \boldsymbol{X} \). Enter your answer using "/" to represent division and "sqrt" to represent square root Be sure to use parentheses to show exactly what belongs under the square root symbol. For example, \( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{7} \) would be written as sqrt(3)/7. Present your answer as a single fraction.

Ask by Hills Martinez. in the United States
Mar 11,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

The value of the integral is \( \frac{7}{300} \).

Solution

We start with the integral \[ \int_{3}^{4} \frac{1}{x^{2}\sqrt{25-x^{2}}}\,dx. \] A common substitution for integrals involving \(\sqrt{25-x^{2}}\) is to set \[ x=5\sin\theta. \] Then \[ dx=5\cos\theta\,d\theta,\quad \sqrt{25-x^{2}}=\sqrt{25-25\sin^{2}\theta}=5\cos\theta. \] For the limits: - When \(x=3\), \(\sin\theta=\frac{3}{5}\) so \(\theta=\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)\). - When \(x=4\), \(\sin\theta=\frac{4}{5}\) so \(\theta=\arcsin\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)\). Substitute everything into the integral: \[ \int_{3}^{4} \frac{1}{x^2\sqrt{25-x^2}}\,dx =\int_{\theta=\arcsin(3/5)}^{\theta=\arcsin(4/5)} \frac{1}{(5\sin\theta)^2\left(5\cos\theta\right)}\,(5\cos\theta\,d\theta). \] Simplify the integrand. Notice that the factor \(5\cos\theta\) in the numerator and denominator cancels: \[ \frac{1}{(5\sin\theta)^2\cdot 5\cos\theta}\,(5\cos\theta) = \frac{1}{25\sin^2\theta}. \] Thus the integral becomes \[ \frac{1}{25}\int_{\theta=\arcsin(3/5)}^{\theta=\arcsin(4/5)} \frac{1}{\sin^2\theta}\,d\theta =\frac{1}{25} \int_{\arcsin(3/5)}^{\arcsin(4/5)} \csc^2\theta \, d\theta. \] Recall the antiderivative of \(\csc^2\theta\) is \[ \int \csc^2\theta\,d\theta = -\cot\theta. \] Thus, \[ \frac{1}{25}\left[-\cot\theta\right]_{\theta=\arcsin(3/5)}^{\theta=\arcsin(4/5)} =\frac{1}{25}\Big[-\cot(\arcsin(4/5))+\cot(\arcsin(3/5))\Big]. \] Now, compute the cotangents: - For \(\theta=\arcsin(4/5)\): since \(\sin\theta=4/5\), then \(\cos\theta=3/5\) (because \(3^2+4^2=5^2\)). Thus, \(\cot\theta=\frac{\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}=\frac{3/5}{4/5}=\frac{3}{4}\). - For \(\theta=\arcsin(3/5)\): here, \(\sin\theta=3/5\) and \(\cos\theta=4/5\). Thus, \(\cot\theta=\frac{4/5}{3/5}=\frac{4}{3}\). Substitute these values back in: \[ \frac{1}{25}\left[\frac{4}{3}-\frac{3}{4}\right]. \] Find a common denominator for the expression within the brackets: \[ \frac{4}{3}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{16-9}{12}=\frac{7}{12}. \] Thus, the integral equals \[ \frac{1}{25}\cdot\frac{7}{12}=\frac{7}{300}. \] In the required format, the answer is: 7/300

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Bonus Knowledge

To evaluate the integral \( \int_{3}^{4} \frac{1}{x^{2} \sqrt{25-x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x \), we can use the substitution \( x = 5 \sin \theta \), which gives us \( \sqrt{25 - x^2} = 5 \cos \theta \) and \( dx = 5 \cos \theta \, d\theta \). The limits change as follows: - When \( x = 3 \), \( \sin \theta = \frac{3}{5} \) so \( \theta = \arcsin \left( \frac{3}{5} \right) \), - When \( x = 4 \), \( \sin \theta = \frac{4}{5} \) so \( \theta = \arcsin \left( \frac{4}{5} \right) \). Now substituting these values into the integral, we get: \[ \int_{\arcsin(3/5)}^{\arcsin(4/5)} \frac{5 \cos \theta}{(5 \sin \theta)^2 \cdot 5 \cos \theta} \, d\theta = \int_{\arcsin(3/5)}^{\arcsin(4/5)} \frac{1}{25 \sin^2 \theta} \, d\theta = \frac{1}{25} \int_{\arcsin(3/5)}^{\arcsin(4/5)} \csc^2 \theta \, d\theta \] The integral of \( \csc^2 \theta \) is \( -\cot \theta \), so we can evaluate: \[ - \frac{1}{25} \left[ \cot \theta \right]_{\arcsin(3/5)}^{\arcsin(4/5)} = -\frac{1}{25} \left( \cot(\arcsin(4/5)) - \cot(\arcsin(3/5)) \right) \] Calculating \( \cot(\arcsin(4/5)) = \frac{\sqrt{25-16}}{4} = \frac{3}{4} \) and \( \cot(\arcsin(3/5)) = \frac{\sqrt{25-9}}{3} = \frac{4}{3} \), gives us: So, substituting back: \[ - \frac{1}{25} \left( \frac{3}{4} - \frac{4}{3} \right) = - \frac{1}{25} \left( \frac{9 - 16}{12} \right) = - \frac{-7/12}{25} = \frac{7}{300} \] Thus, the value of the integral is: \[ \frac{7}{300} \] Final output: \(\frac{7}{300}\)

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