In the 18 th century, an intellectual movernent called the Enlightenment started in Europe. The thinkers who made up this movement challenged many traditional European political beliefs. John Locke, for instance, argued that all people had natural rights that no leader could take away. He also suggested that citizens had the right to overthrow leaders who failed to protect their rights. Other Enlightenment thinkers called for freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and limits on governmental power. These ideas are central to many democratic governments today. Which statement best describes the passage's main idea? B. The Enlightenment introduced many political ideas that are still relevant today. C. Enlightenment thinkers foreed their governments to grant citizens freedom of speech. D. The Enlightenment started in Europe during the 18 th century.

20 Select the correct text in the passage. Read the excerpt from US president Monroe's speech regarding the new Latin American countries. Which portion of the text expresses the president's support for the Latin American independence movements? The occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere.

21. Bacalah teks berikut! \[ \text { Maka diberi oleh perempuan itu segala bekal-bekal itu. Setelah sudah, maka } \] dibawanyalah perempuan itu diseberangkan oleh Bedawi itu. Syahdan maka pura-pura diperdalamnya air itu, supaya dikata oleh si bungkuk air itu dalam. Konjungsi arkais yang terdapat dalam kutipan tersebut, adalah... \( \begin{array}{ll}\text { a. Maka } & \text { d. Setelah } \\ \text { b. Syahdan } & \text { e. Supaya } \\ \text { c. Sudah } & \end{array} \)

Which text in this excerpt from the English Bill of Rights suggests that a certain religious group had the right to carry weapons? And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare; That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law, That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament; That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders.

Select the correct text in the passage. Which text in this excerpt from the English Bill of Rights suggests that a certain religious group had the right to carry weapons? And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare; That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law; That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament; That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders.

Select the correct text in the passage. Read the excerpt from Simón Bolivar's letter, "Reply of a South American to a Gentleman of this Island." In which portion of the text does he declare his homeland's independence from colonial rule? Success will crown our efforts, because the destiny of America has been irrevocably decided; the tie that bound her to Spain has been severed. Only a concept maintained that tie and kept the parts of that immense monarchy together. That which formerly bound them now divides them. The hatred that the Peninsula has inspired in us is greater than the ocean between us. It would be easier to have the two continents meet than to reconcile the spirits of the two countries.