Question

8. Una empresa realiza pagos mensuales de \( \$ 2,000 \) en un fondo con una tasa del \( 9 \% \) anual capitalizable mensualmente. Si el fondo crece hasta \( \$ 500,000 \), ¿cuánto tiempo tomará?

Ask by Carrillo Schmidt. in Mexico
Mar 09,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

La empresa necesitará aproximadamente 141 meses, o alrededor de 11.8 años, para que el fondo alcance \$500,000.

Solution

Sea la fórmula del valor acumulado de una anualidad: \[ A = P \cdot \frac{(1+i)^n - 1}{i} \] donde \( A \) es el monto acumulado, \( P = 2000 \) es el pago mensual, \( i = \frac{0.09}{12} = 0.0075 \) es la tasa de interés mensual, y \( n \) es el número de meses. 1. Sustituimos los datos: \[ 500\,000 = 2000 \cdot \frac{(1.0075)^n - 1}{0.0075} \] 2. Dividimos ambos lados de la ecuación por 2000: \[ \frac{(1.0075)^n - 1}{0.0075} = \frac{500\,000}{2000} = 250 \] 3. Multiplicamos ambos lados por \(0.0075\): \[ (1.0075)^n - 1 = 250 \times 0.0075 = 1.875 \] 4. Sumamos 1 a ambos lados: \[ (1.0075)^n = 2.875 \] 5. Aplicamos logaritmos (por conveniencia, logaritmo natural): \[ \ln\big((1.0075)^n\big) = \ln(2.875) \] Utilizando la propiedad de los logaritmos, \( \ln(a^n) = n \ln(a) \): \[ n \cdot \ln(1.0075) = \ln(2.875) \] 6. Despejamos \( n \): \[ n = \frac{\ln(2.875)}{\ln(1.0075)} \] 7. Evaluamos las expresiones: \[ \ln(2.875) \approx 1.056 \quad \text{y} \quad \ln(1.0075) \approx 0.00748 \] Por lo tanto, \[ n \approx \frac{1.056}{0.00748} \approx 141.3 \text{ meses} \] 8. Convertimos el tiempo a años: \[ \text{Años} \approx \frac{141.3}{12} \approx 11.78 \text{ años} \] La empresa necesita aproximadamente \(141\) meses, es decir, cerca de \(11.8\) años para que el fondo crezca hasta \(\$500,000\).

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The Deep Dive

Para resolver este problema, podemos usar la fórmula del valor futuro de una serie de pagos (anualidad ordinaria) que se capitalizan mensualmente. La fórmula es: \[ FV = P \times \frac{(1 + r)^n - 1}{r} \] Donde: - \( FV \) es el valor futuro deseado (\$500,000). - \( P \) es el pago mensual (\$2,000). - \( r \) es la tasa de interés mensual (\( \frac{9\%}{12} = 0.0075 \)). - \( n \) es el número total de pagos. Sustituyendo los valores en la fórmula, tenemos: \[ 500,000 = 2000 \times \frac{(1 + 0.0075)^n - 1}{0.0075} \] Resolviendo para \( n \): 1. Multiplica ambos lados por \( 0.0075 \): \[ 500,000 \times 0.0075 = 2000 \times ((1 + 0.0075)^n - 1) \] Esto da: \[ 3750 = 2000 \times ((1 + 0.0075)^n - 1) \] 2. Divide ambos lados por \( 2000 \): \[ 1.875 = (1 + 0.0075)^n - 1 \] 3. Suma \( 1 \) a ambos lados: \[ 2.875 = (1 + 0.0075)^n \] 4. Aplica logaritmos: \[ \log(2.875) = n \cdot \log(1.0075) \] 5. Despeja \( n \): \[ n = \frac{\log(2.875)}{\log(1.0075)} \] Calculando, tendrías aproximadamente: \[ n \approx \frac{0.4590}{0.00325} \approx 141.08 \] Por lo tanto, se necesitan alrededor de 142 meses. Así que la empresa tardará aproximadamente \( 142 \) meses o \( 11.83 \) años en alcanzar un monto de \$ 500,000 en su fondo de inversión con los pagos dados.

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