30. A legend traces the founding of this civilization to Menelik, the son of King Israel and the Queen of Sheba. A. Aksum

The Aksumite civilization, often viewed as one of the greatest ancient empires, thrived between the 1st and 7th centuries CE in what is now Ethiopia and parts of Eritrea. Renowned for its impressive architecture, including massive stone obelisks, Aksum was a major trading hub that connected Africa to the Mediterranean and beyond, making it a vibrant center for commerce and cultural exchange. Today, the legacy of Aksum remains evident, particularly in Ethiopia's rich cultural practices and in its historical sites, such as the obelisks of Aksum and the ancient church of St. Mary of Zion. These landmarks not only draw tourists from around the globe but also serve as a testament to Ethiopia's long and storied history, as well as its continued influence in the region and its identity as one of Africa's oldest nations.