Question
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Use cubic regression to find a function that fits the following points. \[ \begin{array}{l}(1,4)(2,9)(3,34)(-2,-11) \\ \left.[?] x^{3}+\square x^{2}+\square x+\square\right]\end{array} \]

Ask by Harper Bolton. in the United States
Feb 28,2025

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Answer

The cubic function that fits the points is \( f(x) = 2x^3 - 2x^2 - 3x + 7 \).

Solution

Solve the system of equations by following steps: - step0: Solve using the substitution method: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a+b+c+d=4\\8a+4b+2c+d=9\\27a+9b+3c+d=34\\-8a+4b-2c+d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step1: Solve the equation: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a=4-b-c-d\\8a+4b+2c+d=9\\27a+9b+3c+d=34\\-8a+4b-2c+d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step2: Substitute the value of \(a:\) \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}8\left(4-b-c-d\right)+4b+2c+d=9\\27\left(4-b-c-d\right)+9b+3c+d=34\\-8\left(4-b-c-d\right)+4b-2c+d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step3: Simplify: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}32-4b-6c-7d=9\\108-18b-24c-26d=34\\-32+12b+6c+9d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step4: Solve the equation: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}b=\frac{23-6c-7d}{4}\\108-18b-24c-26d=34\\-32+12b+6c+9d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step5: Substitute the value of \(b:\) \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}108-18\times \frac{23-6c-7d}{4}-24c-26d=34\\-32+12\times \frac{23-6c-7d}{4}+6c+9d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step6: Simplify: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}108-\frac{9\left(23-6c-7d\right)}{2}-24c-26d=34\\37-12c-12d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step7: Solve the equation: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}c=\frac{59-11d}{6}\\37-12c-12d=-11\end{array}\right.\) - step8: Substitute the value of \(c:\) \(37-12\times \frac{59-11d}{6}-12d=-11\) - step9: Simplify: \(-81+10d=-11\) - step10: Move the constant to the right side: \(10d=-11+81\) - step11: Add the numbers: \(10d=70\) - step12: Divide both sides: \(\frac{10d}{10}=\frac{70}{10}\) - step13: Divide the numbers: \(d=7\) - step14: Substitute the value of \(d:\) \(c=\frac{59-11\times 7}{6}\) - step15: Calculate: \(c=-3\) - step16: Substitute the values of \(c,d:\) \(b=\frac{23-6\left(-3\right)-7\times 7}{4}\) - step17: Calculate: \(b=-2\) - step18: Substitute the values of \(b,c,d:\) \(a=4-\left(-2\right)-\left(-3\right)-7\) - step19: Substitute back: \(a=4+2+3-7\) - step20: Calculate: \(a=2\) - step21: Calculate: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a=2\\b=-2\\c=-3\\d=7\end{array}\right.\) - step22: Check the solution: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a=2\\b=-2\\c=-3\\d=7\end{array}\right.\) - step23: Rewrite: \(\left(a,b,c,d\right) = \left(2,-2,-3,7\right)\) To find a cubic function that fits the given points \((1,4)\), \((2,9)\), \((3,34)\), and \((-2,-11)\), we can express the cubic function in the form: \[ f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d \] We will set up a system of equations based on the provided points: 1. For the point \((1, 4)\): \[ a(1)^3 + b(1)^2 + c(1) + d = 4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad a + b + c + d = 4 \] 2. For the point \((2, 9)\): \[ a(2)^3 + b(2)^2 + c(2) + d = 9 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 8a + 4b + 2c + d = 9 \] 3. For the point \((3, 34)\): \[ a(3)^3 + b(3)^2 + c(3) + d = 34 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 27a + 9b + 3c + d = 34 \] 4. For the point \((-2, -11)\): \[ a(-2)^3 + b(-2)^2 + c(-2) + d = -11 \quad \Rightarrow \quad -8a + 4b - 2c + d = -11 \] Now we have the following system of equations: \[ \begin{align*} 1. & \quad a + b + c + d = 4 \\ 2. & \quad 8a + 4b + 2c + d = 9 \\ 3. & \quad 27a + 9b + 3c + d = 34 \\ 4. & \quad -8a + 4b - 2c + d = -11 \end{align*} \] Solving this system, we find: \[ (a, b, c, d) = (2, -2, -3, 7) \] Thus, the cubic function that fits the given points is: \[ f(x) = 2x^3 - 2x^2 - 3x + 7 \]

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Bonus Knowledge

To find a cubic regression function that fits the given points \((1,4)\), \((2,9)\), \((3,34)\), and \((-2,-11)\), we start by setting up a cubic polynomial in the form \(y = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d\). By substituting each point into this equation, you can create a system of linear equations based on the x-values and their corresponding y-values. Solving that system (e.g., via matrix methods or substitution) will yield the coefficients \(a\), \(b\), \(c\), and \(d\) for your cubic function. For example, from the points: 1. For \((1,4)\): \(a(1)^3 + b(1)^2 + c(1) + d = 4\) 2. For \((2,9)\): \(a(2)^3 + b(2)^2 + c(2) + d = 9\) 3. For \((3,34)\): \(a(3)^3 + b(3)^2 + c(3) + d = 34\) 4. For \((-2,-11)\): \(a(-2)^3 + b(-2)^2 + c(-2) + d = -11\) Once you solve this system, you'll find your cubic regression function to best fit these points, allowing for successful predictions or analyses based on your model. Have fun crunching those numbers! If you're working with software or a graphing calculator, it can significantly speed things up. Simply input the points, and most tools can provide you with the regression automatically, giving you the coefficients without the headaches of solving manually!

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