3. Prove that a. \( \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta} \)
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To prove the equation, let's start by manipulating the left-hand side: \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta} \] We can combine these two fractions over a common denominator: \[ = \frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2 + \sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta(1+\cos \theta)} \] Now, we expand the numerator, using the identity \( \sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1 \): \[ (1 + \cos \theta)^2 + \sin^2 \theta = 1 + 2\cos \theta + \cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta = 1 + 2\cos \theta + 1 = 2 + 2\cos \theta = 2(1 + \cos \theta) \] Substituting this back into our expression gives: \[ = \frac{2(1+\cos \theta)}{\sin \theta(1+\cos \theta)} \] Now, we can cancel \(1+\cos \theta\) from the numerator and the denominator (provided \(1+\cos \theta \neq 0\)): \[ = \frac{2}{\sin \theta} \] Thus, we have shown: \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta} \] This completes the proof!