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3. Prove that a. \( \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta} \)

Ask by Logan Pearson. in South Africa
Mar 09,2025

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Answer

\[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta} \]

Solution

1. Express the left-hand side as a single fraction: \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta} = \frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2+\sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta (1+\cos \theta)} \] 2. Expand \((1+\cos \theta)^2\): \[ (1+\cos \theta)^2 = 1+2\cos \theta+\cos^2 \theta \] 3. Substitute the expansion into the numerator: \[ (1+\cos \theta)^2+\sin^2 \theta = 1+2\cos \theta+\cos^2 \theta+\sin^2 \theta \] 4. Use the Pythagorean identity \(\cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta = 1\): \[ 1+2\cos \theta+\cos^2 \theta+\sin^2 \theta = 1+2\cos \theta+1 = 2+2\cos \theta = 2(1+\cos \theta) \] 5. Replace the numerator in the fraction: \[ \frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2+\sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta (1+\cos \theta)} = \frac{2(1+\cos \theta)}{\sin \theta (1+\cos \theta)} \] 6. Cancel the common factor \((1+\cos \theta)\) (provided \(\cos \theta \neq -1\), so that the denominator is nonzero): \[ \frac{2(1+\cos \theta)}{\sin \theta (1+\cos \theta)} = \frac{2}{\sin \theta} \] Thus, we have proved that \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta}. \]

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To prove the equation, let's start by manipulating the left-hand side: \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta} \] We can combine these two fractions over a common denominator: \[ = \frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2 + \sin^2 \theta}{\sin \theta(1+\cos \theta)} \] Now, we expand the numerator, using the identity \( \sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1 \): \[ (1 + \cos \theta)^2 + \sin^2 \theta = 1 + 2\cos \theta + \cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta = 1 + 2\cos \theta + 1 = 2 + 2\cos \theta = 2(1 + \cos \theta) \] Substituting this back into our expression gives: \[ = \frac{2(1+\cos \theta)}{\sin \theta(1+\cos \theta)} \] Now, we can cancel \(1+\cos \theta\) from the numerator and the denominator (provided \(1+\cos \theta \neq 0\)): \[ = \frac{2}{\sin \theta} \] Thus, we have shown: \[ \frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}+\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}=\frac{2}{\sin \theta} \] This completes the proof!

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