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The rational function \( r(x)=\frac{(x+3)(x-1)(x+4)}{(x-5)(x+3)(x-4)} \) has - Zeros (x-intercepts) at \( x=1,-4 \) - Vertical asymptotes at \( x=\square \) - A hole at \( x= \) - A horizontal asymptote at \( y=\square \)

Ask by Hanson Bolton. in the United States
Mar 12,2025

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- Zeros at \(x=1\) and \(x=-4\) - Vertical asymptotes at \(x=5\) and \(x=4\) - A hole at \(x=-3\) - A horizontal asymptote at \(y=1\)

Solution

1. The given function is \[ r(x)=\frac{(x+3)(x-1)(x+4)}{(x-5)(x+3)(x-4)}. \] 2. **Identify the common factor:** The factor \((x+3)\) appears in both the numerator and the denominator. Thus, it is cancelled. However, cancellation of a factor indicates a hole in the graph rather than a zero or asymptote. 3. **Zeros (x-intercepts):** Zeros occur when the numerator is zero (ignoring any factors that were cancelled). After cancelling \((x+3)\), the numerator becomes \[ (x-1)(x+4). \] Setting each factor equal to zero gives: \[ x-1=0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x=1, \] \[ x+4=0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x=-4. \] Thus, the zeros are at \(x=1\) and \(x=-4\). 4. **Hole:** The cancelled factor \((x+3)\) indicates a removable discontinuity (hole) at \[ x=-3. \] 5. **Vertical asymptotes:** Vertical asymptotes are found where the denominator is zero, excluding any cancelled factors. The original denominator factors are \[ (x-5)(x+3)(x-4). \] After cancelling \((x+3)\), the remaining factors \((x-5)\) and \((x-4)\) yield vertical asymptotes at \[ x=5 \quad \text{and} \quad x=4. \] 6. **Horizontal asymptote:** The degrees of the numerator and denominator (before cancellation) are both 3. With both leading coefficients equal to 1 (since each factor is linear and monic), the horizontal asymptote is determined by the ratio of the leading coefficients: \[ y=\frac{1}{1}=1. \] Thus, the answers are: - Zeros at \(x=1\) and \(x=-4\) - Vertical asymptotes at \(x=5\) and \(x=4\) - A hole at \(x=-3\) - A horizontal asymptote at \(y=1\)

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The Deep Dive

The vertical asymptotes occur where the function is undefined, specifically at the values of \( x \) that make the denominator zero but not the numerator. Here, the denominator has \( (x-5)(x+3)(x-4) \), so vertical asymptotes are at \( x=5 \) and \( x=-3 \). Now, for the hole, it appears at \( x = -3 \) because the \( (x+3) \) factor cancels out in both the numerator and the denominator. Finally, the horizontal asymptote of a rational function can be determined by looking at the degrees of the numerator and denominator. Since both the numerator and denominator are of degree 3, the horizontal asymptote is determined by the leading coefficients. Here, it is \( y=1 \).

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