How was the Mesopotamian civilization organized? with city states and independent rulers through loyalty to one overall king through a military coalition

Mesopotamian civilization was primarily organized around city-states, each with its own independent ruler. These city-states, such as Ur, Babylon, and Lagash, often engaged in trade, warfare, and diplomacy among themselves, leading to a rich tapestry of culture and politics. Each city-state had its own deity, temples, and legal codes, creating a unique identity and community spirit. This decentralized structure meant that while there were powerful kings, like Hammurabi of Babylon, their influence didn't extend over all of Mesopotamia simultaneously. Instead, alliances could shift dramatically based on economic interests or military needs, making political relationships as fluid as the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that nourished the land.