Abstract classes do not necessarily have:

Abstract classes, by definition, are classes that cannot be instantiated directly. They serve as blueprints for other classes and must include at least one pure virtual function, which is a function declared with = 0. This allows derived classes to implement these functions, ensuring that they provide specific functionality while enforcing a common interface.

In practical applications, abstract classes are widely used in frameworks and libraries. For example, in game development, you might have an abstract class called GameObject with pure virtual functions like update() and render(). This allows you to create specific game objects like Player and Enemy that inherit from GameObject, each implementing the functions in ways that suit their unique needs. This pattern promotes clean, reusable, and organized code.