Which of the following statements is true?
Input with the stream extraction operator >>
always skips leading white-space characters in
the input stream, by default.
The stream member function flags with a long
argument sets the flags state variable to its
argument and returns its previous value.
The stream member function flags with no
arguments resets the stream’s format state.
The stream insertion operator << and the stream
extraction operator >> are overloaded to handle
all standard data types-including strings and
memory addresses (stream insertion only)-and all
user-defined data types.

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UpStudy AI · Accepted Answer

$$ \textbf{Step 1: Analyzing Option 1} $$ The statement says that using the extraction operator $$ >> $$ always skips leading white‐space characters by default. In the standard C++ stream behavior, when you use $$ >> $$ to read input (e.g., into an integer or a string), the stream automatically discards any leading white-space characters (spaces, tabs, newlines, etc.) unless the stream’s locale or flags have been modified. This means the statement is correct. $$ \textbf{Step 2: Analyzing Option 2} $$ The statement claims that the stream member function $$\texttt{flags}$$ with a long argument sets the flags state variable to its argument and returns its previous value. In C++, the member function is actually defined as $$ \texttt{ios\_base::fmtflags flags(ios\_base::fmtflags fmtfl)} $$ which means it takes an argument of type $$ \texttt{ios\_base::fmtflags} $$ (a bitmask type) rather than a plain $$ \texttt{long} $$. Although the underlying type might be an integral type, the description stating “with a long argument” is not technically accurate. Therefore, this statement is not entirely correct. $$ \textbf{Step 3: Analyzing Option 3} $$ This statement asserts that calling the stream member function $$\texttt{flags}$$ with no arguments resets the stream’s format state. In fact, the overload of $$\texttt{flags}$$ with no arguments simply returns the current format flags and does not reset or change them. Hence, this statement is false. $$ \textbf{Step 4: Analyzing Option 4} $$ The statement mentions that the stream insertion operator $$ << $$ and the extraction operator $$ >> $$ are overloaded to handle all standard data types—including strings and (for insertion) memory addresses—and all user-defined data types. While it is true that there are overloads for various standard types, user-defined types are not automatically supported. In order to use these operators with user-defined types, appropriate overloads must be provided by the programmer. Therefore, the statement is misleading and false as stated. $$ \textbf{Conclusion} $$ Only Option 1 is completely true. Thus, the correct statement is: Input with the stream extraction operator $$ >> $$ always skips leading white-space characters in the input stream, by default. Option 1 is true: The extraction operator $$ >> $$ skips leading white-space characters by default.

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