The State Education Department requires local school districts to keep these records on all students: age, race or ethnicity, days absent, current grade level, standardized test scores in reading and mathematics, and any disabilities or special educational needs the student may have. Which of the following are categorical (or qualitative) variables in these records? current Grade Level Mathematics Test Score Dasabilities or Special Needs Race or Ethnicity Age Reading Test Score Student Name
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Current grade level, disabilities or special educational needs, race or ethnicity, and student name are all categorical (or qualitative) variables. These variables classify students into distinct categories that don't have numerical meaning. For example, race or ethnicity provides grouping without indicating a quantity, making it purely categorical. On the flip side, age and test scores in mathematics and reading are quantitative variables because they represent measurable quantities. They can be expressed in numbers and analyzed statistically, allowing for comparisons and calculations, unlike categorical data that simply sorts into categories without those numeric relationships.