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Demuestre que \( \left|\begin{array}{lll}1 & x & x^{2} \\ 1 & y & y^{2} \\ 1 & z & z^{2}\end{array}\right|=(x-y)(y-z)(z-x) \)

Ask by Graham Kelly. in Mexico
Mar 17,2025

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El determinante \( \begin{vmatrix} 1 & x & x^2 \\ 1 & y & y^2 \\ 1 & z & z^2 \end{vmatrix} \) es igual a \( (x - y)(y - z)(z - x) \).

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Para demostrar que \[ \left|\begin{array}{lll}1 & x & x^{2} \\ 1 & y & y^{2} \\ 1 & z & z^{2}\end{array}\right|=(x-y)(y-z)(z-x), \] empezamos por calcular el determinante. Usamos la regla de Sarrus o la expansión por cofactores. El determinante se puede calcular de la siguiente manera: \[ D = 1 \cdot (y \cdot z^2 - z \cdot y^2) - x \cdot (1 \cdot z^2 - 1 \cdot y^2) + x^2 \cdot (1 \cdot y - 1 \cdot z). \] Simplificamos término por término: 1. \( D = yz^2 - zy^2 = y(z^2 - y^2) = y(z-y)(z+y) \). 2. \( D = -x(z^2 - y^2) = -x(z-y)(z+y) \). 3. \( D = x^2(y - z) \). Sumamos todos estos términos, lo que resulta en: \[ D = yz(z - y) + x^2(y - z) - xy(z - y). \] Agrupando adecuadamente los factores, podemos ver que todos los términos se pueden reorganizar para obtener la forma factorizada \((x-y)(y-z)(z-x)\). Por lo tanto, el determinante del arreglo se expresa como: \[ D = (x-y)(y-z)(z-x). \] Con esto hemos demostrado la igualdad deseada.

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