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\( f ( x ) = \frac { \sqrt { 9 - x ^ { 2 } } } { \sqrt { x ^ { 2 } - 1 } } . \)

Ask by Smith Fowler. in India
Mar 14,2025

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Answer

The function \( f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{9 - x^2}}{\sqrt{x^2 - 1}} \) is defined for \( x \) values between -3 and -1, and between 1 and 3. So, the domain is \( x \in [-3, -1) \cup (1, 3] \).

Solution

**Step 1. Set conditions for the numerator** The numerator is \( \sqrt{9-x^2} \). For the square root to be defined (real), the argument must be non-negative: \[ 9 - x^2 \ge 0. \] Solve for \(x\): \[ x^2 \le 9 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad -3 \le x \le 3. \] **Step 2. Set conditions for the denominator** The denominator is \( \sqrt{x^2-1} \). For the square root to be defined, we must have: \[ x^2 - 1 \ge 0. \] In addition, since it is in the denominator, the expression must be strictly positive (to avoid division by zero): \[ x^2 - 1 > 0. \] Solve for \(x\): \[ x^2 > 1 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad |x| > 1 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad x < -1 \quad \text{or} \quad x > 1. \] **Step 3. Combine the conditions** The function is defined when both conditions are met. That is: - \( -3 \le x \le 3 \) from the numerator, and - \( x < -1 \) or \( x > 1 \) from the denominator. The intersection gives: \[ x \in [-3,-1) \cup (1,3]. \] Thus, the domain of the function is \[ \boxed{[-3,-1) \cup (1,3]}. \]

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Bonus Knowledge

This function, \( f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{9 - x^2}}{\sqrt{x^2 - 1}} \), has a specific domain. Since the square root must be non-negative, the expression under the square roots imposes restrictions. Specifically, for \( \sqrt{9 - x^2} \) to be valid, \( x \) must satisfy \( -3 \leq x \leq 3 \). For \( \sqrt{x^2 - 1} \) to be defined and positive, \( x \) must be in the intervals \( (-\infty, -1) \) or \( (1, \infty) \). Hence, the combined domain for \( f(x) \) is \( [-3, -1) \cup (1, 3] \). Exploring its real-world application, this kind of function can model physical scenarios where certain conditions apply, such as the height of an arc or a wave relative to constraints. Engineers might analyze such functions for stress in materials or optimize designs involving curves, exerting a blend of math and physics. Understanding behaviors at extremes or intersections helps refine prototypes and improve performance in the real world!

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