2.3 Males and females produce gameles for repro 2.3 .1 What is spermatogenesis? 2.3 .2 Name the part in a male reproductive occurs. 2.3 .3 Describe the process of oogenesis. $$ \begin{array}{l} ext { Sperm cells and ova are produced by gametogene } \ ext { when diploid cells undergo meiosis to produce hap }\end{array} $$ $$ \begin{array}{l} ext { Tabulate TWO differences between gametogenesi } \ ext { females, not mentioned in the text above. }\end{array} $$

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2.3 Males and females produce gameles for repro 2.3 .1 What is spermatogenesis? 2.3 .2 Name the part in a male reproductive occurs. 2.3 .3 Describe the process of oogenesis. $$ \begin{array}{l}	ext { Sperm cells and ova are produced by gametogene } \ 	ext { when diploid cells undergo meiosis to produce hap }\end{array} $$ $$ \begin{array}{l}	ext { Tabulate TWO differences between gametogenesi } \ 	ext { females, not mentioned in the text above. }\end{array} $$

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**2.3.1 What is spermatogenesis?**

Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells (spermatozoa) are produced from male primordial germ cells in the testes. In this process, diploid spermatogonia undergo mitosis followed by two successive meiotic divisions to produce haploid spermatids. These spermatids then differentiate into mature spermatozoa.

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**2.3.2 Name the part in a male reproductive system where spermatogenesis occurs.**

Spermatogenesis occurs in the $$ 	extbf{seminiferous tubules} $$ of the testes.

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**2.3.3 Describe the process of oogenesis.**

Oogenesis is the process of forming ova (egg cells) in females. The process can be described as follows:

1. **Prenatal Development:**  
   Oogonia, the primordial germ cells, multiply by mitosis during the fetal period. They begin to enter meiosis and become primary oocytes, which then arrest in prophase I until puberty.

2. **Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle:**  
   After puberty, during each menstrual cycle, a few primary oocytes resume meiosis. Typically, one primary oocyte completes meiosis I to form a secondary oocyte and a small polar body. The secondary oocyte immediately begins meiosis II but arrests in metaphase II.

3. **Fertilization:**  
   Only if a secondary oocyte is fertilized by a sperm cell does it complete meiosis II, forming an ovum (mature egg) and a second polar body. The polar bodies generally degenerate, while the ovum participates in forming the zygote.

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**Differences Between Gametogenesis in Males and Females**

| **Aspect**        | **Spermatogenesis (Males)**                                                                                                      | **Oogenesis (Females)**                                                                                                                          |
|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Cellular Outcome**      | Each spermatogonium gives rise to four viable sperm cells, all of which are functional.                                     | Each oogonium typically produces one mature ovum along with polar bodies, which are small and non-functional.                                     |
| **Timing and Continuity** | Begins at puberty and continues throughout life in a continuous, cyclical process.                                         | Begins before birth with a finite number of primary oocytes that are released cyclically, with prolonged periods of meiotic arrest.               |
**2.3.1 What is spermatogenesis?** Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced in males. It starts with diploid cells in the testes that undergo meiosis to become haploid spermatozoa. --- **2.3.2 Where does spermatogenesis occur in males?** Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. --- **2.3.3 Describe oogenesis.** Oogenesis is the process by which egg cells are produced in females. It involves primary oocytes undergoing meiosis to form secondary oocytes and eventually mature ova, which are released during ovulation. --- **Differences Between Gametogenesis in Males and Females** | **Aspect** | **Males** | **Females** | |-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | **Cellular Outcome** | Each spermatogonium produces four viable sperm cells. | Each oogonium typically produces one mature ovum and polar bodies. | | **Timing and Continuity** | Continues throughout life in a cyclical process. | Occurs before birth and continues cyclically with prolonged meiotic arrest. |

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