Question
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\( f ( x ) = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \frac { e ^ { x } } { e ^ { x } - 5 } d x \)

Ask by Nguyen Carlson. in Colombia
Mar 10,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

La integral se evalúa como \( f(x) = \ln\left(\frac{5 - e}{4}\right) \).

Solution

Sea \[ f(x)=\int_{0}^{1}\frac{e^x}{e^x-5}\,dx. \] Observamos que la variable de integración es \(x\) y, por tanto, \(f(x)\) es en realidad una constante. Para resolver la integral se procede con el siguiente cambio de variable: 1. Se toma \[ u=e^x, \] de donde se tiene que \[ du=e^x\,dx \quad\Rightarrow\quad dx=\frac{du}{e^x}=\frac{du}{u}. \] 2. Se cambian los límites de integración. Cuando \(x=0\), \(u=e^0=1\); cuando \(x=1\), \(u=e^1=e\). 3. La integral se transforma: \[ \int_{0}^{1}\frac{e^x}{e^x-5}\,dx=\int_{u=1}^{u=e}\frac{u}{u-5}\cdot\frac{du}{u} =\int_{1}^{e}\frac{1}{u-5}\,du. \] 4. Se evalúa la integral \[ \int\frac{1}{u-5}\,du=\ln\left|u-5\right|+C. \] 5. Al evaluar desde \(u=1\) hasta \(u=e\): \[ f(x)=\ln\left|e-5\right|-\ln\left|1-5\right|. \] Observando que \[ 1-5=-4 \quad\Rightarrow\quad \left|1-5\right|=4, \] y notando que \(e<5\) (puesto que \(e\approx2.718\)), se tiene \[ \left|e-5\right|=5-e. \] Por lo tanto, \[ f(x)=\ln\left(\frac{5-e}{4}\right). \] La respuesta final es: \[ f(x)=\ln\left(\frac{5-e}{4}\right). \]

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Bonus Knowledge

Did you know that the integral in your function \( f(x) \) represents a classic case of evaluating definite integrals with parameters? This integral is interesting because it can be analyzed for continuity in relation to the variable \( x \). The expression \( \frac{e^x}{e^x - 5} \) gives insight into the behavior of functions as \( x \) varies, providing a clear demonstration of the impact of exponential growth. When evaluating this integral, a common approach is to apply techniques like substitution or recognizing the potential for numerical evaluation. Be cautious about the value of \( x \)! If \( e^x = 5 \), the denominator becomes zero, leading to undefined behavior. Thus, it's essential to ensure that the value of \( x \) lies in a domain that avoids such pitfalls for valid integration.

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