Four scenarios of statistical studies are given below. Decide which study uses a population parameter. Answer 1000 of the 1883 participants in last year's Ironman in Kona, Hawail were interviewed. \( 68 \% \) of those interviewed said they became interested in triathlons after first ofmpeting in marathons. 351 dog owners who were surveyed, 70 reported owning two dogs. Parkland Hospital performs 15,000 births a year. Of 1000 subjects in a study on multiple births, 38 gave birth to twins. in \( 2001.78 \% \) of children diagnosed with cancer were in remission after five years, and this number is improving.

Die Erdbevölkerung betrug 1960 3.0 Milliarden, 20046.4 Milliarden. a) Wie viel betrug die mittlere jährliche Zunahme (in Prozent)? b) Gleiche Zunahme vorausgesetzt: Wie viele Menschen würden im Jahre 2050 die Erde bevölkern? c) Ein UNO-Bericht rechnet für 2050 mit einer Bevölkerungszahl von 8.9 Milliarden. Berechnen Sie die mittlere jährliche Zunahme ab 2004. d) Die 50 ärmsten Länder werden, gemäss Prognose, von 600 Millionen 2004 auf 1.7 Milliarden 2050 wachsen. Welche mittlere jährliche Zunahme ab 2004 wird hier erwartet?

If we say that we have statistically significant results, we mean that the results are: very important. meaningless. likely to be due to chance differences between to be due to true differences between the groups.

The probability of committing a Type I error: is solely determined by the size of the treatment effect. cannot be controlled by the experimenter. is determined by the alpha (a) level that one chooses. is determined by the beta ( \( \beta \) ) level one chooses. is determined by the sample size that one chooses.

A researcher risks a Type I error: anytime HO is rejected. anytime H 1 is rejected. anytime HO is accepted. anytime the sample size is increased.

A design that has two conditions (treatments) with the same participants experiencing each condition is a(n): two independent groups design. repeated measures design. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) design. single sample t test design. single sample Z test design.