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Explain how to find the value of each linit d) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow-2^{-}} \frac{(x+5)^{3}(x-1)^{2}}{(x+2)^{3}(x-2)^{2}} \)

Ask by Santiago Chan. in the United States
Feb 26,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

As x approaches –2 from the left, the limit is negative infinity.

Solution

To evaluate   limₓ→₋₂⁻ [(x + 5)³ (x – 1)²]⁄[(x + 2)³ (x – 2)²], follow these steps: 1. Recognize that as x → –2, most factors in the expression approach finite, nonzero numbers except for the factor (x + 2) in the denominator. Since (x + 2) is raised to the power 3, and x → –2 (from the left), this factor drives the behavior of the limit. 2. Determine the value of each factor when x = –2:   • (x + 5)³ becomes (–2 + 5)³ = 3³ = 27.   • (x – 1)² becomes (–2 – 1)² = (–3)² = 9.   • (x – 2)² becomes (–2 – 2)² = (–4)² = 16.   Thus, the factors in the numerator and the (x – 2)² factor in the denominator are nonzero and contribute the finite value 27 × 9 and 16, respectively. 3. Analyze the problematic factor (x + 2)³:   • As x → –2 from the left, denote a small positive number h = –2 – x (so that h > 0 and when x → –2⁻, h → 0⁺). Then, x + 2 = –h, which is a small negative number.   • Raised to the power 3, (x + 2)³ becomes (–h)³ = –h³.   • Since h is very small and positive, h³ is also very small and positive; its negative, –h³, approaches 0⁻ (zero from the negative side). 4. Rewrite the limit in terms of these evaluations:   The numerator tends to 27 × 9 = 243, and the factor (x – 2)² tends to 16, so the finite part overall is 243⁄16.   Thus, the overall expression is approximately     (243/16)⁄[(x + 2)³] ≈ (243/16)⁄(–h³)   as x → –2⁻. 5. Conclude the behavior of the limit:   Since (–h³) is a small negative number, dividing a positive constant by a number that approaches 0 through negative values results in a limit of –∞. Therefore, the limit is –∞.

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Extra Insights

To find the limit as \( x \) approaches -2 from the left, substitute values that are slightly less than -2 into the function. Notice that as \( x \) approaches -2, the denominator \( (x+2)^{3} \) approaches 0, which will cause the fraction to tend towards infinity or negative infinity, depending on the sign of the numerator. In this case, since \( (x + 5)^{3} \) and \( (x - 1)^{2} \) are both positive for \( x \) a bit less than -2, the overall limit will be negative infinity. To verify, consider how the function behaves around the limit. For \( x < -2 \), both -2 and the components that ensure positivity for \( (x + 5)^{3} \) and \( (x - 1)^{2} \) may give a hint on the sign of the entire expression. As you approach -2, the denominator's magnitude increases while the numerator stays positive, confirming the limit indeed approaches \( -\infty \).

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