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4. Find the following limits (in detail) or show that they do not exist. (13 marks) (a) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \) (b) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \) (c) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow+\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4 x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4 x} \)

Ask by Mckenzie Chandler. in Saudi Arabia
Mar 11,2025

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Answer

الحدود هي: - (أ) \( \frac{\sqrt{7}}{14} \) - (ب) \( 6 \) - (ج) \( 4 \)

Solution

Evaluate the limit by following steps: - step0: Evaluate using transformations: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2}\right)\) - step1: Multiply by the Conjugate: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}}\right)\) - step2: Rewrite the expression: \(\frac{\lim _{x\rightarrow 2}\left(1\right)}{\lim _{x\rightarrow 2}\left(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}\right)}\) - step3: Evaluate: \(\frac{1}{\lim _{x\rightarrow 2}\left(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}\right)}\) - step4: Evaluate: \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}}\) - step5: Multiply by the Conjugate: \(\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2\sqrt{7}\times \sqrt{7}}\) - step6: Multiply the numbers: \(\frac{\sqrt{7}}{14}\) Calculate the limit \( \lim_{x\rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \). Evaluate the limit by following steps: - step0: Evaluate the limit: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}\left(\frac{x\left|x\right|-9}{x-3}\right)\) - step1: Rewrite the expression: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}\left(\frac{x\times x-9}{x-3}\right)\) - step2: Reduce the fraction: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}\left(x+3\right)\) - step3: Rewrite the expression: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}\left(x\right)+\lim _{x\rightarrow 3^{+}}\left(3\right)\) - step4: Calculate: \(3+3\) - step5: Calculate: \(6\) Calculate the limit \( \lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4 x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4 x} \). Evaluate the limit by following steps: - step0: Evaluate using transformations: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\sqrt{x^{2}+4x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x}\right)\) - step1: Multiply by the Conjugate: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^{2}+4x}+\sqrt{x^{2}-4x}}\right)\) - step2: Rearrange the terms: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\frac{8x}{\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}}\right)x}\right)\) - step3: Reduce the fraction: \(\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\frac{8}{\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}}}\right)\) - step4: Rewrite the expression: \(\frac{\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(8\right)}{\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}}\right)}\) - step5: Evaluate: \(\frac{8}{\lim _{x\rightarrow +\infty}\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}}\right)}\) - step6: Evaluate: \(\frac{8}{2}\) - step7: Reduce the numbers: \(\frac{4}{1}\) - step8: Calculate: \(4\) إليك الحلول التفصيلية للحدود المطلوبة: ### (أ) نريد حساب: \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \] 1. **التعويض المباشر**: إذا عوضنا \( x = 2 \): \[ \frac{\sqrt{2+5}-\sqrt{7}}{2-2} = \frac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{7}}{0} = \frac{0}{0} \] هذا شكل غير محدد، لذا نحتاج إلى استخدام طريقة أخرى. 2. **تطبيق طريقة الضرب بالمرافق**: نضرب البسط والمقام بالمرافق: \[ \frac{(\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7})(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} = \frac{x+5-7}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} = \frac{x-2}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} \] 3. **تبسيط**: يمكننا إلغاء \( x-2 \) من البسط والمقام: \[ \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}} \] 4. **التعويض مرة أخرى**: الآن نعوض \( x = 2 \): \[ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{14} \] إذن، \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{14} \] ### (ب) نريد حساب: \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \] 1. **التعويض المباشر**: إذا عوضنا \( x = 3 \): \[ \frac{3|3|-9}{3-3} = \frac{9-9}{0} = \frac{0}{0} \] هذا شكل غير محدد. 2. **تحليل البسط**: بما أن \( x \) يقترب من \( 3 \) من اليمين، فإن \( |x| = x \): \[ \frac{x^2-9}{x-3} = \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3} \] 3. **تبسيط**: يمكننا إلغاء \( x-3 \): \[ x+3 \] 4. **التعويض مرة أخرى**: نعوض \( x = 3 \): \[ 3 + 3 = 6 \] إذن، \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} = 6 \] ### (ج) نريد حساب: \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow+\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4 x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4 x} \] 1. **تبسيط التعبير**: نبدأ بتبسيط التعبير: \[ \sqrt{x^{2}+4x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x} = \frac{(x^{2}+4x)-(x^{2}-4x)}{\sqrt{x^{2}+4x}+\sqrt{x^{2}-4x}} = \frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^{2}+4x}+\sqrt{x^{2}-4x}} \] 2. **تحليل الجذر**: عندما \( x \) يقترب من اللانهاية، يمكننا أخذ \( x \) كعامل مشترك: \[ \sqrt{x^{2}+4x} = x\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}} \quad \text{و} \quad \sqrt{x^{2}-4x} = x\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}} \] 3. **التعويض**: الآن يصبح التعبير: \[ \frac{8x}{x(\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}})} = \frac{8}{\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}}} \] 4. **التعويض عند اللانهاية**: عندما \( x \rightarrow +\infty \): \[ \sqrt{1+\frac{4}{x}} \rightarrow 1 \quad \text{و} \quad \sqrt{1-\frac{4}{x}} \rightarrow 1 \] وبالتالي: \[ \frac{8}{1+1} = \frac{8}{2} = 4 \] إذن، \[ \lim _{x \rightarrow+\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4 x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4 x} = 4 \] ### النتائج النهائية: - (أ) \( \frac{\sqrt{7}}{14} \) - (ب) \( 6 \) - (ج) \( 4 \)

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Let's tackle each limit step by step. (a) To compute \( \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \), we first observe that substituting \( x = 2 \) leads to the indeterminate form \( \frac{0}{0} \). To resolve this, we can rationalize the numerator: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{(x+5) - 7}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{x-2}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} \] Now, we can cancel \( x-2 \): \[ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}}. \] So, the limit is \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}} \). (b) For \( \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \), we first express \( |x| \). As \( x \) approaches \( 3 \) from the right, \( |x| = x \). Thus, we rewrite the limit as: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x^2 - 9}{x-3}. \] Factoring the numerator gives us: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3}. \] After canceling \( x-3 \): \[ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} (x+3) = 3 + 3 = 6. \] Therefore, the limit is \( 6 \). (c) For \( \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x} \), we will simplify the expression: \[ \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} - \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} = \frac{(\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} - \sqrt{x^2 - 4x})(\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x})}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \frac{(x^2 + 4x) - (x^2 - 4x)}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}}. \] Next, as \( x \rightarrow +\infty \), both \( \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} \) and \( \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} \) approach \( x \): \[ \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} \approx x + x = 2x. \] Thus, we simplify: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{8x}{2x} = 4. \] Hence, the limit is \( 4 \). In summary: - (a) \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}} \) - (b) \( 6 \) - (c) \( 4 \)

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