4. Find the following limits (in detail) or show that they do not exist. (13 marks) (a) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \) (b) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \) (c) \( \lim _{x \rightarrow+\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4 x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4 x} \)
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Let's tackle each limit step by step. (a) To compute \( \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \), we first observe that substituting \( x = 2 \) leads to the indeterminate form \( \frac{0}{0} \). To resolve this, we can rationalize the numerator: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{7}}{x-2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{(x+5) - 7}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{x-2}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7})} \] Now, we can cancel \( x-2 \): \[ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 2} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2+5}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{7}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}}. \] So, the limit is \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}} \). (b) For \( \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x|x|-9}{x-3} \), we first express \( |x| \). As \( x \) approaches \( 3 \) from the right, \( |x| = x \). Thus, we rewrite the limit as: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{x^2 - 9}{x-3}. \] Factoring the numerator gives us: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3}. \] After canceling \( x-3 \): \[ = \lim_{x \rightarrow 3^{+}} (x+3) = 3 + 3 = 6. \] Therefore, the limit is \( 6 \). (c) For \( \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \sqrt{x^{2}+4x}-\sqrt{x^{2}-4x} \), we will simplify the expression: \[ \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} - \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} = \frac{(\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} - \sqrt{x^2 - 4x})(\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x})}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \frac{(x^2 + 4x) - (x^2 - 4x)}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}}. \] Next, as \( x \rightarrow +\infty \), both \( \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} \) and \( \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} \) approach \( x \): \[ \sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x} \approx x + x = 2x. \] Thus, we simplify: \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{8x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 4x} + \sqrt{x^2 - 4x}} = \lim_{x \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{8x}{2x} = 4. \] Hence, the limit is \( 4 \). In summary: - (a) \( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{7}} \) - (b) \( 6 \) - (c) \( 4 \)
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