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9. Un hombre de 100 kg de masa, se encuentra de pie sobre la arena de un desierto. Determine la presión sobre esta en los siguientes casos: a) Se apoya sobre unos tennis, cuyas superficies suman \( 800 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \). b) Se apoya sobre una tabla (sandboard) de \( 500 \times 90 \mathrm{~cm} \).

Ask by Davies Perkins. in Colombia
Mar 08,2025

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El hombre pesa 980 N. a) Apoyándose en tennis con 800 cm², la presión es 12,250 Pa. b) Apoyándose en una tabla de 500 × 90 cm, la presión es aproximadamente 218 Pa.

Solution

Consideramos la presión \( P \) definida por \[ P = \frac{F}{A} \] donde \( F \) es la fuerza (en este caso, el peso) y \( A \) es el área de contacto. Dado que la masa es \( m = 100 \, \mathrm{kg} \) y utilizando la aceleración de la gravedad \( g = 9.8 \, \mathrm{m/s^2} \), el peso es \[ F = m \cdot g = 100 \, \mathrm{kg} \cdot 9.8 \, \mathrm{m/s^2} = 980 \, \mathrm{N} \] ### a) Apoyo sobre tennis con área total \(800 \, \mathrm{cm^2}\) Primero convertimos el área de centímetros cuadrados a metros cuadrados: \[ 800 \, \mathrm{cm^2} = 800 \times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{m^2} = 0.08 \, \mathrm{m^2} \] La presión es \[ P = \frac{980 \, \mathrm{N}}{0.08 \, \mathrm{m^2}} = 12250 \, \mathrm{Pa} \] ### b) Apoyo sobre tabla (sandboard) de \(500 \times 90 \, \mathrm{cm}\) El área de la tabla es \[ A = 500 \, \mathrm{cm} \times 90 \, \mathrm{cm} = 45000 \, \mathrm{cm^2} \] Convirtiendo a metros cuadrados: \[ 45000 \, \mathrm{cm^2} = 45000 \times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{m^2} = 4.5 \, \mathrm{m^2} \] La presión en este caso es \[ P = \frac{980 \, \mathrm{N}}{4.5 \, \mathrm{m^2}} \approx 217.78 \, \mathrm{Pa} \] Redondeando, la presión es aproximadamente \(218 \, \mathrm{Pa}\).

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Para calcular la presión, utilizamos la fórmula: \[ P = \frac{F}{A} \] donde \( P \) es la presión, \( F \) es la fuerza (en este caso, el peso del hombre) y \( A \) es el área de contacto. La fuerza que ejerce el hombre es igual a su peso, que se calcula como: \[ F = m \cdot g \] donde \( m = 100 \, kg \) y \( g \approx 9.81 \, m/s^2 \). Entonces \( F \approx 100 \, kg \cdot 9.81 \, m/s^2 = 981 \, N \). a) Si el hombre se apoya sobre unos tennis, con una superficie total de \( 800 \, cm^2 \) (que es \( 0.08 \, m^2 \)): \[ P_{tennis} = \frac{981 \, N}{0.08 \, m^2} \approx 12262.5 \, Pa \] b) Si se apoya sobre una tabla, con dimensiones de \( 500 \, cm \times 90 \, cm \) (que es \( 5 \, m \times 0.9 \, m = 4.5 \, m^2 \)): \[ P_{tabla} = \frac{981 \, N}{4.5 \, m^2} \approx 217.0 \, Pa \] Por lo tanto, la presión sobre la arena en los dos casos es de aproximadamente 12262.5 Pa para los tennis y 217.0 Pa para la tabla.

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