A shift to the left of the demand curve, ceteris paribus, will result in... a) higher prices and higher quantity. b) higher prices and lower quantity. c) lower prices and lower quantity. d) lower prices and higher quantity.

To analyze the effect of a shift to the left of the demand curve, we need to understand what this shift represents. A leftward shift in the demand curve indicates a decrease in demand for a good or service at every price level, ceteris paribus (all other factors being constant). Here's the step-by-step reasoning: 1. **Understanding Demand Curve Shift**: A leftward shift means that at the same price, consumers are willing to buy less of the good than before. 2. **Impact on Price and Quantity**: - Since demand has decreased, suppliers will respond to this change. - With lower demand, there will be less competition among buyers, which typically leads to a decrease in the price of the good. - As the price decreases, the quantity supplied will also decrease, as suppliers may not find it profitable to produce as much at the lower price. 3. **Conclusion**: Therefore, a leftward shift in the demand curve will result in lower prices and lower quantity. Based on this analysis, the correct answer is: **c) lower prices and lower quantity.**