aw a flow diagram to trace the path of oxygen from the air until it 9 o the body cells. Include the process that occurs at each place. aw a flow diagram to trace the path of carbon dioxide from the boc Is until it gets into the air outside the body. Include the names of ea scess that occurs at each place. plain the terms: gaseous exchange inhale in) respiration

**Flow Diagram for the Path of Oxygen** 1. **Air outside the body** - Contains a high concentration of oxygen. 2. **Nose/Mouth** - \( \textbf{Inhalation:} \) Air is drawn in, and the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify it. 3. **Pharynx and Larynx** - Air moves through these passages toward the lower respiratory system. 4. **Trachea** - Functions as the main airway guiding air downwards. 5. **Bronchi** - The trachea divides into right and left bronchi entering each lung. 6. **Bronchioles** - The bronchi further branch into smaller passages called bronchioles. 7. **Alveoli** - Tiny air sacs where \( \textbf{external respiration} \) occurs: - **Process:** Oxygen diffuses through alveolar and capillary walls into the blood. 8. **Pulmonary Capillaries** - Oxygen enters the blood and binds to hemoglobin. 9. **Heart and Systemic Circulation** - Oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the heart, delivering oxygen to body tissues. 10. **Body Cells** - \( \textbf{Internal respiration:} \) Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, where it is used for metabolism. --- **Flow Diagram for the Path of Carbon Dioxide** 1. **Body Cells** - \( \textbf{Internal respiration:} \) Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product of metabolism. 2. **Capillaries (Systemic Circulation)** - Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into blood capillaries. 3. **Veins** - Blood carries carbon dioxide (dissolved, as bicarbonate, or bound to hemoglobin) back to the heart. 4. **Heart** - The heart pumps the carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs. 5. **Pulmonary Capillaries** - \( \textbf{External respiration:} \) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. 6. **Alveoli** - Carbon dioxide accumulates in the alveolar air space. 7. **Bronchioles → Bronchi → Trachea** - Carbon dioxide moves upward through the branching airways. 8. **Pharynx/Nose/Mouth** - \( \textbf{Exhalation:} \) Carbon dioxide is expelled out of the body into the external air. --- **Explanations of Terms** - **Gaseous Exchange:** The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. It occurs in two main regions: - **External Respiration:** Exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. - **Internal Respiration:** Exchange between the blood in systemic capillaries and the body cells. - **Inhale:** The act of drawing air into the lungs, allowing oxygen to enter the respiratory system. - **Internal Respiration:** The exchange of gases at the tissue level where oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood.