1.1.1 Why, according ts the source, was the HE (fiem Economis Policy) viawed as a retrsat by same peopla in the communist hiararchy?

1. **Identifying the Core Issue** The question asks why, according to the source, the economic policy (referred to as the HE policy) was viewed as a retreat by some members of the communist hierarchy. Although the text has typographical errors, we interpret “HE (fiem Economis Policy)” as referring to a policy intended to modify or adjust economic management under a communist regime. 2. **Understanding the Context** In many communist systems the official line was to maintain strict state control and adhere to revolutionary principles. Any policy that appeared to relax these principles could be seen by hard-liners as a step backwards or an abandonment of core ideological commitments. 3. **Reasons It Was Viewed as a Retreat** The source highlights several key reasons: - **Departure from Ideological Purity:** The HE policy introduced measures that allowed a greater role for market mechanisms or private initiatives. Mathematically speaking, if the original model was based on a total state-controlled economy modeled as \[ E_{\text{state}} = 100\% \] then any policy shift that reduced this percentage to \[ E_{\text{state}} = 100\% - x \] (where \(x > 0\)) could be interpreted as a retreat from the revolutionary ideal of complete state control. - **Compromise on Revolutionary Principles:** In the eyes of the critics within the hierarchy, the introduction of reforms or practical concessions was seen not as a strategic adaptation to economic realities but as a retreat from the uncompromising revolutionary roadmap. It symbolized a willingness to compromise on abstract ideologies in favor of pragmatic considerations, which was unacceptable for strict doctrinaire elements. - **Signaling a Loss of Confidence in the Socialist Experiment:** The adoption of such a policy might have been interpreted as an acknowledgment that the previous, rigid policies were failing or, at the very least, not producing quick enough results. This was seen as a moral and political setback—a retreat from the merit of revolutionary doctrine toward a more moderate approach. 4. **Synthesis** Therefore, according to the source, the HE policy was viewed as a retreat because it: - Marked a deviation from the absolute control expected in a revolutionary state. - Introduced elements that could be seen as concessions to market forces, undermining the socialist framework. - Was perceived as an admission of the limitations of the pure revolutionary approach, thereby shaking the confidence of ideology purists within the communist hierarchy. 5. **Final Answer** The source argues that the HE policy was viewed as a retreat because it represented a departure from strict socialist principles. It implied a loosening of centralized control through the introduction of market-like elements and pragmatic reforms, which those in the high communist hierarchy saw as a compromise of the core revolutionary ideals and an acknowledgment of the failures of previous policies.