1.1.1 Why, according ts the source, was the HE (fiem Economis Policy) viawed as a retrsat by same peopla in the communist hiararchy?

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1. **Identifying the Core Issue**

The question asks why, according to the source, the economic policy (referred to as the HE policy) was viewed as a retreat by some members of the communist hierarchy. Although the text has typographical errors, we interpret “HE (fiem Economis Policy)” as referring to a policy intended to modify or adjust economic management under a communist regime.

2. **Understanding the Context**

In many communist systems the official line was to maintain strict state control and adhere to revolutionary principles. Any policy that appeared to relax these principles could be seen by hard-liners as a step backwards or an abandonment of core ideological commitments.

3. **Reasons It Was Viewed as a Retreat**

The source highlights several key reasons:

- **Departure from Ideological Purity:**  
     The HE policy introduced measures that allowed a greater role for market mechanisms or private initiatives. Mathematically speaking, if the original model was based on a total state-controlled economy modeled as  
     $$
     E_{\text{state}} = 100\%
     $$
     then any policy shift that reduced this percentage to  
     $$
     E_{\text{state}} = 100\% - x
     $$
     (where $$x > 0$$) could be interpreted as a retreat from the revolutionary ideal of complete state control.

- **Compromise on Revolutionary Principles:**  
     In the eyes of the critics within the hierarchy, the introduction of reforms or practical concessions was seen not as a strategic adaptation to economic realities but as a retreat from the uncompromising revolutionary roadmap. It symbolized a willingness to compromise on abstract ideologies in favor of pragmatic considerations, which was unacceptable for strict doctrinaire elements.

- **Signaling a Loss of Confidence in the Socialist Experiment:**  
     The adoption of such a policy might have been interpreted as an acknowledgment that the previous, rigid policies were failing or, at the very least, not producing quick enough results. This was seen as a moral and political setback—a retreat from the merit of revolutionary doctrine toward a more moderate approach.

4. **Synthesis**

Therefore, according to the source, the HE policy was viewed as a retreat because it:
   
   - Marked a deviation from the absolute control expected in a revolutionary state.
   - Introduced elements that could be seen as concessions to market forces, undermining the socialist framework.
   - Was perceived as an admission of the limitations of the pure revolutionary approach, thereby shaking the confidence of ideology purists within the communist hierarchy.

5. **Final Answer**

The source argues that the HE policy was viewed as a retreat because it represented a departure from strict socialist principles. It implied a loosening of centralized control through the introduction of market-like elements and pragmatic reforms, which those in the high communist hierarchy saw as a compromise of the core revolutionary ideals and an acknowledgment of the failures of previous policies.
The HE economic policy was seen as a retreat by some communist leaders because it introduced market-like elements and reduced state control, which they viewed as a departure from strict socialist principles and a compromise of revolutionary ideals.

1.1.1 Why, according ts the source, was the HE (fiem Economis Policy) viawed as a retrsat by same peopla in the communist hiararchy?

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