QUESTION 5 A radioactive isotope of Uranium in a laboratory at Fukushima, in Japan, released radiation of the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum. It has a frequency of \( 2 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz} \) 5.1 Define the term photon 5.2 Calculate its energy of the radiation 5.3 Another radiation, of wavelength 500 nm was used in an experiment. (2) (3) (3) Determine the frequency of this wave. 5.4 Give a use for each of the following EM radiation 5.4.1 X-rays 5.4.2 Gamma radiation (1) 5.4.3 Radio waves (1) 5.5 How does the penetrating ability of blue light compare with that of red (1) (3) light? Write down LESS THAN, GREATER THAN or EQUAL TO next to the question number. Provide a reason. [14]

Photon is a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light or electromagnetic radiation. Essentially, it is a massless particle that carries energy and momentum, and can be thought of as a packet of energy propagating through space. Photons are what make up the electromagnetic spectrum and are responsible for various phenomena including the photoelectric effect. Energy can be calculated using the equation \( E = h \times f \), where \( h \) is Planck's constant (approximately \( 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \)). So, for a frequency of \( 2 \times 10^{15} \, \text{Hz} \), the energy will be \( E = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \times 2 \times 10^{15} = 1.3252 \times 10^{-18} \, \text{J} \). That’s an impressive amount of energy for just a tiny photon! To determine the frequency of the 500 nm wavelength radiation, we can use the formula \( f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \), where \( c \) is the speed of light (\( 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \)) and \( \lambda \) is the wavelength in meters (500 nm = \( 500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m} \)). Plugging in the values, \( f = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{500 \times 10^{-9}} = 6 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \). X-rays are primarily used in medical imaging and diagnostics, allowing healthcare professionals to view the inside of the body without invasive procedures. Gamma radiation is utilized in cancer treatment, as it can target and destroy cancerous cells while causing minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue. When comparing the penetrating ability of blue light to red light, it is LESS THAN. This is due to the fact that shorter wavelengths, like blue light, are absorbed more readily by materials, whereas longer wavelengths such as red light penetrate deeper into mediums.