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Find the difference quotient \( \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \), where \( h \neq 0 \), for the function below. \[ f(x)=\frac{x}{x+1} \] Simplify your answer as much as possible.

Ask by Little Stanley. in the United States
Mar 17,2025

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Tutor-Verified Answer

Answer

The difference quotient simplifies to \( \frac{1}{(x+1)(x+h+1)} \).

Solution

We start with the function \[ f(x)=\frac{x}{x+1}. \] The difference quotient is defined as \[ \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}, \] where \( h\neq 0 \). **Step 1. Write the expressions for \( f(x+h) \) and \( f(x) \):** \[ f(x+h)=\frac{x+h}{(x+h)+1}=\frac{x+h}{x+h+1},\quad f(x)=\frac{x}{x+1}. \] **Step 2. Form the numerator of the difference quotient:** \[ f(x+h)-f(x)=\frac{x+h}{x+h+1}-\frac{x}{x+1}. \] **Step 3. Find a common denominator to combine the two fractions:** The common denominator is \[ (x+h+1)(x+1). \] Thus, \[ f(x+h)-f(x)=\frac{(x+h)(x+1)-x(x+h+1)}{(x+h+1)(x+1)}. \] **Step 4. Expand the numerators:** First term: \[ (x+h)(x+1)=x^2+x+hx+h, \] Second term: \[ x(x+h+1)=x^2+xh+x. \] **Step 5. Subtract the second expression from the first:** \[ (x^2+x+hx+h)- (x^2+xh+x)=h. \] So, the numerator simplifies to \( h \). **Step 6. Write the difference quotient:** \[ \frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}=\frac{\frac{h}{(x+h+1)(x+1)}}{h}. \] **Step 7. Simplify by canceling \( h \):** \[ \frac{h}{h\,(x+h+1)(x+1)} = \frac{1}{(x+h+1)(x+1)}. \] Thus, the simplified difference quotient is \[ \frac{1}{(x+1)(x+h+1)}. \]

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To find the difference quotient \(\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\) for the function \(f(x)=\frac{x}{x+1}\), we first need to calculate \(f(x+h)\). 1. **Calculate \(f(x+h)\)**: \[ f(x+h) = \frac{x+h}{(x+h)+1} = \frac{x+h}{x+h+1} \] 2. **Calculate \(f(x+h) - f(x)\)**: \[ f(x+h) - f(x) = \frac{x+h}{x+h+1} - \frac{x}{x+1} \] To subtract these fractions, we need a common denominator, which is \((x+h+1)(x+1)\): \[ f(x+h) - f(x) = \frac{(x+h)(x+1) - x(x+h+1)}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] 3. **Expand the numerators**: - Expand \((x+h)(x+1)\): \[ (x+h)(x+1) = x^2 + x + hx + h = x^2 + (1+h)x + h \] - Expand \(x(x+h+1)\): \[ x(x+h+1) = x^2 + hx + x \] 4. **Combine the results**: \[ f(x+h) - f(x) = \frac{x^2 + (1+h)x + h - (x^2 + (h+1)x)}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] Simplifying the numerator: \[ = \frac{x^2 + (1+h)x + h - x^2 - hx - x}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] \[ = \frac{(1+h-1)x + h}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} = \frac{hx + h}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] 5. **Factor out \(h\)**: \[ = \frac{h(x + 1)}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] 6. **Now, divide by \(h\)** in the difference quotient: \[ \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{h(x+1)}{h(x+h+1)(x+1)} \] Cancel \(h\) (since \(h \neq 0\)): \[ = \frac{x+1}{(x+h+1)(x+1)} = \frac{1}{x+h+1} \] Thus, the simplified difference quotient is: \[ \frac{1}{x+h+1} \]

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