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Show that \( 2.5^{n}-5^{n+1}+5^{n+2} \) is even for all positive integer values of \( n \)

Ask by Stuart Klein. in South Africa
Feb 19,2025

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The expression \( 2 \times 5^{n} - 5^{n+1} + 5^{n+2} \) simplifies to \( 22 \times 5^{n} \), which is always even for any positive integer \( n \).

Solution

We start with the expression   2·5ⁿ – 5ⁿ⁺¹ + 5ⁿ⁺² Notice that here 2.5ⁿ is interpreted as 2 multiplied by 5ⁿ, not (2.5)ⁿ. Step 1. Factor out the common term 5ⁿ from all the terms:   2·5ⁿ – 5ⁿ⁺¹ + 5ⁿ⁺² = 5ⁿ(2 – 5 + 5²) Step 2. Simplify the expression in the parentheses:   2 – 5 + 5² = 2 – 5 + 25 = 22 Step 3. Write the expression with the simplified factor:   5ⁿ · 22 = 22·5ⁿ Step 4. Conclude that the expression is even: Since 22 is an even number (it is divisible by 2), the product 22·5ⁿ is also even for any positive integer n (because multiplying an even number by any integer yields an even number). Thus, 2·5ⁿ – 5ⁿ⁺¹ + 5ⁿ⁺² is even for all positive integers n.

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To show that \( 2.5^{n}-5^{n+1}+5^{n+2} \) is even for all positive integer values of \( n \), we start by simplifying the expression: \[ 2.5^{n} - 5^{n+1} + 5^{n+2} = 2.5^{n} - 5 \cdot 5^{n} + 25 \cdot 5^{n} \] \[ = 2.5^{n} - 5^{n+1} + 5^{n+2} = 2.5^{n} + 20 \cdot 5^{n} \] \[ = 2.5^{n} + 5^{n+1} \cdot 4 \] Now, we rewrite using properties of powers of 5: The expression can be rewritten as follows: \[ = 2.5^{n} + 4.5^{n+1} \] Next, we factor out \( 5^{n} \): \[ = 5^{n}(2 + 4 \cdot 5) \] Now notice that \( 5^{n}(2 + 20) = 5^{n} \cdot 22 \). Since \( 5^{n} \) is odd for any integer \( n \) and \( 22 \) is even, the product of an odd number and an even number is always even. Therefore, \( 2.5^{n}-5^{n+1}+5^{n+2} \) is even for all positive integer values of \( n \). Thus, we conclude: \[ \boxed{\text{Even for all } n \geq 1.} \]

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