Which of the following may cause obstructive lung disorder?

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1. **Definition of Obstructive Lung Disorder**  
   Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by difficulty in exhaling air out of the lungs due to narrowed airways. This results in an abnormal retention of air, especially during expiration.

2. **Examples of Obstructive Lung Disorders**  
   The main conditions in this group include:
   - $$ 	ext{Asthma} $$: A disease with reversible airway narrowing and inflammation.
   - $$ 	ext{Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)} $$: This category includes:
     - $$ 	ext{Chronic bronchitis} $$: Inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes.
     - $$ 	ext{Emphysema} $$: Destruction of alveolar walls, reducing the lungs’ elastic recoil.
   - $$ 	ext{Bronchiectasis} $$: Chronic dilation and inflammation of the bronchi.

3. **Specific Causes Leading to Obstructive Pathology**  
   Several factors or conditions can lead to obstructive lung disorders:
   - **Cigarette Smoking:**  
     Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, particularly emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
   - **Occupational Exposures:**  
     Inhalation of dust, fumes, or chemicals in certain work environments can contribute.
   - **Genetic Factors:**  
     An example is $$ 	ext{alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency} $$, a genetic condition that predisposes individuals to developing emphysema even without a history of smoking.
   - **Allergens and Environmental Irritants:**  
     These are common triggers in asthma.

4. **Conclusion**  
   Among the listed causes, conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema (which fall under COPD) may cause obstructive lung disorders. For instance, emphysema can be caused either by long-term cigarette smoking or by genetic conditions like $$ 	ext{alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency} $$.

Thus, if the question lists options, a condition like emphysema (especially due to $$ 	ext{alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency} $$ or smoking) is a correct example of what may cause an obstructive lung disorder.
Emphysema, especially caused by smoking or genetic conditions like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, can lead to obstructive lung disorders.

Which of the following may cause obstructive lung disorder?

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